Welcome Introduction

Welcome/loincloth Thanks My name is Saw. I'm one of the students here. I think I don't really look like a student. But I am one. I would like to welcome you here this morning. And I would like to say â€Å"Thank very much† for coming. We know all of you are very busy, so we really appreciate you making the time for us. I thank all of my classmates as well because they gave me the chance to give the easy speech, I think, † Welcome & Introduction†. I expected it to be easy but in reality it is not. I practiced a lot to give this speech in front of you but the practice didn't work.I feel nervous. But I have to speak for the full time, three minutes. How long has gone already? Time up? K, no problem! I have more to say. I really like my school, Zee Cabin Maya. I think it is very suitable for youths who are in the gutter, Eke me. â€Å"why? Why? † I think you would like to ask me ‘Why? † You know that word Is not strange for us. Our teachers use It a lot in our class. Many, many times she asks me. I'm sorry I have no chance to answer it now but my friends are waiting to answer your question. The important thing is you need to listen carefully.If you don't see the point of what they are talking about, you can raise your hand up and ask â€Å"Can you repeat that please†. K? K? No, No I'm joking. You can hear a lot of speeches from all students. We got 21 students here, 21 speeches about everything this morning. I don't know all what they going to talk to you. In the middle we mix with some nice songs. And then we are going to feed with special foods for your breakfast, we ordered from Hotel Zee Cabin. I'm Joking again. K, Thank you everyone. I really appreciate you coming and celebrating our School opening ceremony together with us. Thank you

How Effective Is Police Stop and Search Essay

This assessment will focus on Section 1 of The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (Stop and Search powers). I will look at the use of stop and search before the Macpherson report and after the Macpherson report and compare how it has changed. The use of stop and search powers allow the police to tackle crime and anti-social behaviour, and to prevent more serious crimes occurring generally in public places like a Football match. A police officer can ask what you are doing, why you’re in an area and/or where you’re going. They also have the power to stop and search you if they have ‘reasonable grounds’ to suspect you’re carrying; illegal drugs, a weapon, stolen property or something which could be used to commit a crime, such as a dangerous weapon. You can only be stopped and searched without reasonable grounds if it has been approved by a senior police officer. This can happen if it is suspected that; serious violence could take place, you are carrying a weapon or have used one or you are in a specific location or area. However, you don’t have to answer any questions the police officer asks you. The Police officer will note down seven details these include; Ethnicity, Objective of search, Grounds for search, Identity of the officer carrying out the stop and search, Date, Time and Place. However being searched does not mean you have been arrested, unless any of these factors apply. Sir William McPherson carried out an inquiry in 1999 following an investigation of the murder of Stephen Lawrence. The 18-year-old A-Level student was fatally stabbed in an unprovoked attack as he waited for a bus in Eltham, south London, in April 1993. Nobody, at the time was convicted of his murder. However in 2006 the Metropolitan Police’s Acting Deputy Commissioner, ordered a cold case review that led to the convictions of Gary Dobson and David Norris in 2011 they were found guilty by an Old Bailey jury after a trial based on forensic evidence. Scientists found a tiny bloodstain on Dobson’s jacket that could only have come from Mr Lawrence. They also found a single hair belonging to the teenager on Norris’s jeans. Both men have had previous run-ins with the law; Dobson was jailed for five years in 2010 for drugs trafficking. He is among a small number of men to have been tried twice for the same crime (double jeopardy) after the Court of Appeal quashed his 1996 acquittal for the murder. Norris was convicted in 2002 of a separate allegation of racially threatening behaviour. Allegations of incompetence and racism against Metropolitan police officers that were in charge of the case sparked the original inquiry as did two internal police inquiries which acquitted the Metropolitan itself. In relation to the stop and search there is no actual change in the stop and search powers for the police. However records of all stop and search operation have to be published, and a copy of the record can also be given to the person involved if requested therefore there can be no discriminative reason to stop someone as the police have to provide written reason to the suspect and the police force. The 1981 Brixton riots and the subsequent Scarman report were key factors in the passage of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE). It provides the core framework of police powers and safeguards around stop and search, arrest, detention, investigation, identification and interviewing detainees. The aim of PACE has always been to establish a balance between the powers of the police in England and Wales and the rights of members of the public. Literature Review The immediate effect of Macpherson saw a decline in the use of stop and search. In London, stop and searches fell from 180,000 in 1999/00 to 169,000 the following year. Nationally, the number of stop and searches fell by 21% and then a further 16% from 1998 to 2000. By December 2000, representatives of rank and file officers were saying that Macpherson had damaged morale. Officers, they said, were unprepared to use stop and search out of fear of being labelled racist. So William Hague called for there to be a rise in the use of Stop and Search. This was evident in 2001 when Mr Hague linked a rise in violent street crime in some areas to a drop in stop and searches of black people because police officers feared being called racist. However, this can be argued as many black and Asian people – including Stephen Lawrence’s father, Neville, who filed a complaint after being stopped last year – said they were still being unfairly targeted. And in January figures from the Home Office showed that the fall in searches was greatest for white suspects with black people still ive times more likely to be stopped in London than white people. The Equality Act 2010 makes it prohibited for police officers to discriminate against, harass or victimise any person in relation to ‘age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation, marriage, civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity when using their po wers on the ground of ‘protected characteristics’ (Home Office 2011). This shows they have tried to control the situation of racism in the force and tried to put a stop to it. However racism within the force goes back decades as before 1984 police were allowed to stop and search whoever they wanted therefore it became easier and more of a habit to target people who fit ‘criminal persona’. This laid back approach to stop and search caused problems because police became discriminative to the public which can be shown in the Home office statistics (Police and Criminal Evidence Act, The 1984). Research shows this is still happening today even though the Equality Act 2010 was put forward this is evident in (justice 2010). Black people are 8 per cent more likely than whites to face stop and search’. In relation to the McPherson report the Committee said that since the introduction of the report the police have made â€Å"tremendous strides† in the service they provide to ethnic minority communities and in countering racism amongst its own workforce. This is evident in the fact that sixty-seven of Macpherson’s 70 recommendations have been implemented fully or in part in the ten years since his report was published. However the statistics show that there is still racism in the force therefore were McPhersons recommendations needed or could he have focused more on the problem in hand? Many people see that that racist persona of the forces comes from the idea that police officers are hard, tough, and will not tolerate unacceptable behaviour. This is called cop culture which is hard to define as it has moved from discussing about one culture to discussing different cultures such as ‘subculture’, ‘street culture’, ‘patrol culture’, ‘canteen culture’ (It can be defined as where the police share the same sense of identity which evolves around work, hard play and hard drinking), ‘headquarters culture’ and the ‘cardigan squad’ (the soft and fluffy culture). Cop culture can be seen as many different things depending on how you view the police themselves. In Britain the Scarman report in 1981 riots in Brixton was influential and raised the importance of stop and search on young black men who felt they had been unfairly targeted due to their colour. Rowe argues that while not all findings were the ‘militaristic style of policing, with poor public engagement†¦ t established recommendations relating to policing for example on training, the role of community policing, lay visitors at police stations, discipline and stop and search’. Rowe also mentions that the recommendations mentioned in the Scarman report were reiterated in the McPherson report almost 20 years later suggests that the recommendations were not effectively implemented in the Scarman report (Rowe 2007:155). However McPherson was more forthright using the term ‘institutional racism’ that Scarman shied away from, making the problem more visible to the public. This is evident when the metropolitan police mishandled the Stephen Lawrence case due to a combination of professional incompetence, institutional racism and a failure of leadership by senior officers’ (McPherson 1999). In terms of police culture, institutional racism was said to incorporate racist stereotyping of black people as potential criminals or troublemakers (McPherson 1999). Taking this into account a racist officer can be seen as an incompetent officer as it is finding a lack of understanding of cultural diversity illustrated in the existence of cultural crisis in the metropolitan police therefore they should be retrained or dismissed. Many people of been very critical of the McPherson report one main criticism is that although McPherson made 70 much needed recommendations for the force he did little to bring justice for the family of Stephen Lawrence which was the reason he originally conducted the inquiry. However 11 years after the inquiry was completed justice was in fact served for the Lawrence family but not due to McPherson’s recommendations. This shows the failings of which the Macpherson Report draws attention too, is in relation to the police investigation into the murder of Stephen Lawrence which is important, but the explanation as to how and why the problems occurred is somewhat limited which needed to be noted as well. This means that he noted the problem of racism but didn’t recommend to put the case back on retrial. The problems identified by McPherson are not only unique to this case or other racial murders; but rather they are related to the social, legal and organisational environments in which this sort of police work should be undertaken at all times. The stop and search has been proven to be a success for the police, the power to stop and search people who they suspect of being involved in crime is an important tactic. It provides a means to confirm or allay suspicions about individuals without exercising their power of arrest. Where the stop and search is employed appropriately and proportionately, it could increase community confidence in the police force and make a positive contribution to reducing the fear of crime. Stop and search has been very successful in relation to knife crime. For example October 2009, more than 380,000 stops and searches have been conducted; 14,700 people have been arrested; and more than 7,500 knives have been recovered. However the stop and search has seen negative attitudes in relation to law-abiding people who feel they have been unjustifiably targeted. These people are less likely to trust the police and co-operate with them when they have a problem, therefore conducting effective policing, becomes much more difficult. There are still concerns in relation to stop and search and through this the equality and human right commissioners are continuing to monitor how the police are using their stop and search powers. They want to see: a reduction in the national figures for race disproportionality in the use of stop and search powers. A reduction in the number of excess stops and searches carried out on black and Asian people. Also forces with high excesses, in particular the Metropolitan Police, taking action to ensure that the powers are being used in a non-discriminatory and lawful manner. They are also monitoring and concentrating on forces that currently have particularly high rates of disproportionality, in particular some southern rural forces, taking action to reduce their race disproportionality ratios. And finally the forces with race disproportionality collaborating and sharing good practice with their neighbours. The lack of ethnic contact outside law enforcement and in the law enforcement needs a clear transformation. The criminal justice system can in no way be prejudice, discriminative, racist or sexist. They are there to keep the public safe and the public has to trust them otherwise the system would fail, the public have to be extremely open-minded. One way to do this is to focus on race awareness training for all police officers in and joining the force. However this strategy has been used before and after the Scarman report and unfortunately made little impact over the decades since. Macpherson is aware of this but fails to adopt a more radical policy agenda directed at the structure and organisation of policing and the relationship between police and ethnic minorities in the law-enforcement situation itself therefore the race problem is still occurring. To conclude many will argue that not much is different before the McPherson report during and after. The statistics show that being of ethnic origin walking the streets you are more likely to be stopped then if you are white, this stereotype needs to be changed and then the force will be less inclined to stop people of this description with little or lack of reason. However there has been a decline in the amount of black and Asian people stopped but also a decline in the amount of officers that use stop and search on regular basis in fear that they will be labelled a racist. The police need to find a balance between being labelled and doing their job to maximise the trust from the public and minimise fear of crime. Therefore the public and force can come together to make the community the safest place possible.

The Company Report. Astra Zeneca Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Company Report. Astra Zeneca - Essay Example AstraZeneca was incorporated in 1992 and is headquartered in London. It has 27 manufacturing sites in 19 countries. The company's portfolio of marketed medicines include Arimidex, Crestor, Nexium, Seroquel, Symbicort, Pulmicort, Zoladex, Seloken/Toprol-XL, Diprivan and Merrem. Across all activities, AstraZeneca continued to work closely with all stakeholders to provide medicines that meet patient needs and add value for society, within the scope of existing therapy areas and beyond. 1. Strengthening pipeline of new medicines: To bring the most benefit for patients and those who treat them, one must continue to understand what makes a difference for them - and apply that insight across all activities to remain targeted on their changing needs. For the future, sustainable long-term success depends on further strengthening the flow of new products - whether from own laboratories or from outside AstraZeneca. 2. Marketing: Understanding the customer requirements and inventing a product that solves customer problems will not generate revenues for any organization. Success of any product depends on the way it is projected, marketed and on its lifecycle. This not exempt to pharmaceuticals industry. So, constant efforts have been made by the company on Marketing and delivering the full potential of all marketed medicines, through rigorous life-cycle management and excellent customer support. 3. Investment:. That investment is focused on life-cycle management of key marketed products, developing new products with an emphasis on efficiency and effectiveness improvements, and intelligent acquisition and licensing of products and technologies that will supplement our internal efforts. Major investments were also announced during the year in new R&D facilities that will support this strategy, notably in the UK and China. Company's recent performance: Strengthening pipeline of new medicines: Enhancing in-house discovery and development: During 2006, the company continued to improve the efficiency of internal R&D processes and the effectiveness of decision-making so that we can quickly eliminate weaker drug candidates. The results of drive to improve productivity are reflected in the sustained size of the early development portfolio. During 2006, 21 candidate drugs were selected for development (compared with 25 in 2005 and 18 in 2004).We have a number of compounds in the later stages of

What Is Plagiarism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What Is Plagiarism - Research Paper Example Even though the presence of plagiarism can be witnessed everywhere in the writing world, academic world seems to be the most affected one. Current academic curricula are developing with the help of assignments, project works and term papers. As part of the home works, teachers often ask students to prepare some assignments on different topics. Students on the other hand prepare assignments with the help of illegal channels. According to a study conducted among American High school students in 1998, â€Å"83% of the students found to be actively engaged in cheating activities and 67% had copied someone’s home work† (Foss& Lathrop, p.3). This paper briefly analyses various dimensions of plagiarism. We are living in a world of shortcuts. The generations in the past were ready to do hard work. On the other hand current generation and the upcoming generation are not much interested in doing hard work for learning something. For many students, earning an academic qualificatio n at any cost is the major objective of education rather than learning. The development of technologies such as internet helped them a lot in passing academic examinations without much hard works. It should be noted that internet is an ocean of knowledge. Moreover, it helps students to get their assignments done through others. When such shortcuts are readily available to them, many students use it to avoid the agony of self-preparing difficult assignments. Roberts (2007) mentioned that â€Å"lack of research skills and writing skills, problems in evaluating internet sources, confusion about how to cite sources, pressure, poor time management and organizational skills, cultural factors etc are the major reasons for the students’ habit of plagiarism† (Roberts, p.2). It should be noted that it is difficult for the students to prepare academic papers without using the ideas of others. However, while using the ideas of others, it is necessary to acknowledge it. When a stud ent deliberately uses the ideas of others without giving credit to them, it can be labelled as intentional plagiarism. On the other hand â€Å"Unintentional Plagiarism occurs when students use the words or ideas of others but fail to quote or give credit, perhaps because they don't know how† (Intentional and unintentional plagiarism). Many students have the habit of copy paste the ideas of others in their academic papers. Some students may describe the ideas of others in their own words which are referred as paraphrasing. In any case, proper citation is necessary to acknowledge that these ideas were indebted to others. While using the ideas of others; directly and indirectly, students should cite it in the body of the paper as well as in the bibliography. Direct quotations should be enclosed in the paper within quotation marks. Moreover, bulk quotations (More than 40 words) should be marked as a separate block in the paper. On the other hand, while paraphrasing, it is not nec essary to mark it as a separate block; however, the sources of the ideas should be mentioned at the end of the paraphrasing paragraph. In some cases, students may generate ideas which might have already expressed by others. It is difficult for them to know whether these ideas were already generated or not. In such cases, plagiarism checking software can help. For example, â€Å"Washington College has contracted with Turnitin.com, a web-based plagiarism prevention service. Students can use this service to avoid plagiarism† (Guidelines for the Use of the Turnitin.com Plagiarism Detection System). Moreover, plagiarism detection software has the ability to detect the percentage of plagiarism in a paper. Students can use such software to detect and eliminate plagiarism as much as they want. Under citing and over citing are not good while

You can choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

You can choose - Essay Example Equally important, there are several moral codes and ethical conduct that are taught by the religious traditions. The link between law and religion is manifested in the Islamic sharia, Christian canon law, Hindu law, and Jewish among others. Therefore, drawing on a variety of sources the paper will discuss the links between law and religion. Both in substance and origin, the link between law and religion have always been assumed to exist, even though they are two different concepts. The connecting component between these two is the human being. Both law and religion contribute to the social order. On one hand, law is considered as a set of rules of conduct that is aimed at guiding human behavior in order to differentiate good from bad (Howard 79). Law is used to advance the general good by developing legal rights of which it is mandatory to abide by. On the other hand, Edge (29) notes that religion has numerous definitions and anti-definitions of which none have attained dominance. In a view shared by Matadi, religion is a normative system that affects people’s lives and also determines their conduct. Also, religion established the relationship between a person and the Supreme Being. For Muslims, the source of religion lies in the Quran, for Christians it lies in the Bible, and for the native religions, it lies i n the customs, rituals, and object passed on from the ancestor’s or gods. Hagedorn, Kratz, and Kratz (365) posit that there exists a complex relationship between law as a set of rules that govern the social and political existence of mankind, and religion, which is a body of spiritual doctrines and a system of rituals and norms of behavior.† Law is accepted as a natural product of the informal interaction rules in the society. Therefore, religion can also be accepted as a crucial source of law considering that social rules and norms are usually influenced by the religious values of societies. Correspondingly, religion also provides a set of

Support for hormone replacement therapy Assignment

Support for hormone replacement therapy - Assignment Example ormone replacement therapy is beneficial in the treatment of urogenital atrophy by decreasing vaginal epithelial pH and inducing the maturation of urethral mucosal and vaginal cells. Urogenital atrophy brings psychological trauma and as such, hormone replacement therapy is by extension beneficial in treating such psychological effects. Hormone replacement therapy is helpful in preventing and treating oral bone loss. This is a common problem in postmenopausal women and is associated with estrogen deficiency. There is evidence that hormone replacement therapy can help treat vision problems in elderly persons. Evidence suggests that hormone replacement therapy is important in reducing the occurrence of coronary heart disease (Hodis, 2008). One of the limitations of hormone replacement therapy is that it increases susceptibility to venous and pulmonary thromboembolism. However, this varies with the timing so that the risk of contracting venous thromboembolism is higher in the first year of treatment. Another limitation with hormone replacement therapy is that it increases the risk of developing breast cancer. The therapy also increases susceptibility to stroke especially ischaemic stroke. Evidence suggests that the use of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy increases the risk of endometrial cancer. Hormone replacement therapy has a limitation of increasing the risk of ovarian cancer. The therapy causes bleeding in its users especially for the first three to six months (Billecia et. al., 2008). In light of the above benefits and limitations of hormone replacement therapy, I would support hormone therapy. I would support this therapy because it is a good treatment option for many medical conditions some of which may not have a better treatment option. Another reason why I would support this therapy is that continued research is increasingly discovering ways of improving its effectiveness and reduces its side effects. I would support the use of hormone replacement

Describe the regulation of PFK-1 and PFK-2 and the production of Essay

Describe the regulation of PFK-1 and PFK-2 and the production of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate - Essay Example When the glucose levels are low, F-2,6-bisP is converted to F-6-P. This reaction is catalyzed by the phosphorylated form of PFK-2 called fructose bisphosphatase-2 (FBPase-2). PFK-2 and fructose bisphosphatase-2 (FBPase-2) are similar bi-functional enzymes. Phosphorylation of PFK-2 is done by protein kinase A (PKA). PKA is activated by increased levels of cAMP driven by the hormone glucagon during fasting state. The reverse reaction is catalyzed by a phosphatase, which is activated by the hormone insulin. Postprandial, there is an increased level of insulin, which is produced in response to increased glucose levels. During low glucose levels, glucagon increases the levels of cAMP in the liver cells. cAMP then activates PKA, which phosphorylates PFK-2 to form FBPase-2. FBPase-2 in turn converts F-2,6-bisP to F-6-P, this in general is inhibiting the glycolysis (Rider 562). In muscle cells too, fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, by PFK-1 using ATP. In muscle cells, PFK-1 is activated by AMP. The muscles use up ATP and convert it to AMP. Increased levels of AMP stimulate glycolysis and increases ATP production. However, increased levels of ATP inhibit PFK-1allosterically. High levels of citrate also inhibit PFK-1 in muscle cells. In liver cells the major regulators of PFK-1 are F-2,6-bisP and F-6-P, while in muscle cells, the major regulators of PFK-1 are AMP and ATP. Thus, it can be seen that PFK-1 and PFK-2 are regulated differently in liver cells and muscle

Napolean's Defeat Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Napolean's Defeat - Term Paper Example The Aim of his reforms was to consolidate whatever was good in the Revolution and to conciliate those who had suffered at its hands without compromising the essential principle of Equality, Liberty and Fraternity. His conciliation of the Church and migrs did not restore their pre-Revolution privileges or power. Napoleon as a emperor of France and 'Son of the Revolutionary' he launched a new offensive against the absolute monarchies of Europe with the main purpose of spreading the Revolutionary principles to other countries and to glorify himself and France. There was a fundamental difference between the character of the wars waged by Revolutionary France from 1792 to 1802 and the Napoleonic Wars from 1803 onwards. The former were wars of liberation; they carried the message of the Revolution to the down-trodden people of foreign countries; they roused in them hopes of deliverance from the tyranny of absolutism, and hence wherever the French soldier went they were regarded by masses as helpers, friends and saviors of the underprivileged classes. But the Napoleonic wars did not rouse any such popular fervor. They were waged by an Imperial Despot to achieve glory and therefore instead of rousing sympathy, in the long run, they roused antagonism. The national self respect of the countries invaded by Napoleon was roused against him and was, in the end, one of the most important causes of his downfall. Napoleon trampled on the national sentiments of vanquished people by placing his brothers and sisters on their thrones. He was no longer regarded as a deliverer from the tyranny of absolute rulers; he was hated as a usurper and tyrant. Causes of Downfall of Napoleon Napoleon, 'the man of Destiny' and the 'son of the Revolution' had a phenomenal rise. The forces of the Revolution threw him into the limelight from the comparative oblivion, and once he had grasped the public gaze in dispersing the Paris mob with great alacrity and success in 1795, he continued to climb higher and higher till he became the Emperor of France in 1804. He so dominated the French and European stage that the period of his ascendancy - the years 1799-1815 -- is called the 'Napoleonic era.' His hold on Europe during this period was complete and the destiny of Europe depended on his whims and fancies. Napoleon was a genius both an administrator and as a general. His finest qualities of leadership and generalship always came to forefront in time of adversity. He was a master of strategy and brilliant campaigning. He was essentially a soldier and his inherent love of conquest and domination in the long run alienated the whole Europe and roused bitter national animosity against which he could do nothing. The whole of Europe was arrayed against him and finally was responsible for his overthrow. 1. Military Causes (i) Enormous losses in the Peninsular War, the Russian Campaign and the War

PC Accessibility Tools and Its Various Classroom Use Research Paper

PC Accessibility Tools and Its Various Classroom Use - Research Paper Example With over six million school aged children ranging from ages 3-17 in our schools today, The National Center for Education Statistics realizes that there is a need to help these students stay abreast of their educational needs. (â€Å"Assistive Technology Helps All Kids Learn†) That is where the Accessibility Tools option in all Windows products, in this case Windows *, comes in to â€Å"allow the user to customize their accessibility options in Windows 8†. (â€Å"Ease of Access Center in Windows 8†) Some classrooms will have vision impaired students. Their computers can be tailor suited to their visual shortcoming by using the accessibility tools set within the computer to help them better see their monitors. By using the â€Å"Make Computer Easier To See† command, the resolution can be adjusted to make the screen brighter or softer for the student to see the text. The Narrator may also be turned on in order to have the text read to the student. While the Audio Description tool can be used to have the video being shown on screen described to the student. The Magnifier can also be used to increase the font and icon size of the onscreen display so that the student can better navigate his way around the system. The Narrator and Audio Desription can also be used by students who are totally vision impaired (blind). (â€Å"Accessibility in the Classroom†)... Thus allowing the student the freedom to use the computer as he wishes for whatever particular need he has. (â€Å"Assistive Technology Helps All Kids Learn†) For students with Dexterity Impairment, the mouse can be turned off and its functions redirected to the arrow keys on the numeric keypad on a PC or the arrow keys on a laptop. Sticky keys can also assigned and used so that the user will no longer have to use combination presses such as ctrl+alt+del to execute certain keyboard shortcuts. The modern computers now have touch technology built into their screens thereby minimizing the need for an actual keyboard when using the PC, laptop, or tablet. Used in combination with Speech recognition, it becomes a lot easier for the dexterity impaired students to navigate their way through the various programs and commands within the computer. (â€Å"Accessibility in the Classroom†). In the case of students who are both hearing and vision impaired, they are not doomed to a lif e without education. Ease of Access tools within Windows 8 allows the units to be specially outfitted with Braille readers that can be used alongside the speech recognition, Audio, and Narrator tools of the system. Thus giving them the full effect of a modern day, computer based education in the classroom or the comfort of their own homes for those who are physically unable to come to class. (â€Å"Accessibility in the Classroom†) It is important to note however, that these accessibility tools are not limited in use to special needs students. The accessibility tools available on the computers can also be used by students who find themselves within special circumstances. Take for instance the case of a child who broke

Describe and discuss a number of major social marketing campaigns of Essay

Describe and discuss a number of major social marketing campaigns of your choice, with special reference to their strengths and weaknesses - Essay Example During 1970s social marketing started as a discipline for the first time. Kotler et al. argued that the similar marketing philosophy that was being used to sell products to customers can be used to "sell" behavioural attitudes and ideas. The dissimilarity is that, in commercial marketing the advantage goes to the marketers only, but in social marketing the entire society at large gets the benefit of behavioural changes. The implementation of marketing strategies in the field of politics is a comparatively new concept, argued, O’Shaughnessy (2002). Most of the political actors are not expert in marketing techniques. That is why the help of professional public realtor or marketers are taken. All the political parties need to get votes from public to win the electoral battle. So, a positive image and a favourable opinion have to be created in the mind of public. As it is also a mass opinion building process, the social marketing principle is used to do political marketing campaigns. Wilson and Gilligan (2005, p.189) state ‘The proliferation of Internet sites, for example, has enabled groups of consumers to publicize instantaneous and often highly critical reviews of new products, services or films that can be far more influential than the formal advertising campaigns. However, from the company’s point of view, improving technology and growing consumer sophistication also enable the m to become smarter. New advertising channels, such as Internet sites, video screens at supermarket checkouts and interactive television all enable suppliers to find more willing buyers. Companies are also becoming better at stimulating a street ‘buzz’ about their products by influencing select opinion formers, rather than by focusing largely upon mass advertising hype. Amongst those to have done this are companies such as Disney, Apple, Virgin, and Starbucks, all of which have caught the Zeitgeist and

Understanding of Different Concepts Essay Example for Free

Understanding of Different Concepts Essay Concepts are very complex definitions of everything that we see in everyday life. They are also typically never specific. Concepts of a certain thing or idea might and most probably will change if the person examining the object or idea changes his point of view. Various authors throughout the textbook have written about the different ways we could see things if we don’t close ourselves to what we can only see. One of the authors that talk about this is S. I Hayakawa. His main point in his article is how he stressed to tell us to be more creative, and that we shouldn’t blindly follow what media outlets like the ones on TV because we’re becoming like sheep. He argues that one with creativity best be prepared to endure loneliness and ridicule. He says, and this is very correct, that because of what we see on things like the media, we’re just told to follow what they say is right, and because of that, if one person dares to exclaim otherwise, then he or he will be getting cast away from other people. It’s ok to have a different opinion of things, and he encourages it, because creative people are going to be the most successful in life. Another great way to compare concepts is in Simon Benlow’s paper, â€Å"Have it your way,† he argues that students are being seen differently now, that is, companies are starting to have different concepts of kids at school, because they’re not being seen as what they are: students. Rather, they feel much more like consumers now. Also, kids from a young age have been catered to their every need, and because of that, when they get to college they find out that they weren’t as good as they thought they were, because of tailoring education for students. The essay â€Å"What is education?† by Petra Pepellashi is a perfect example of how two concepts could differ. Here, she uses the education when it was first introduced in the country. She tells about how Jefferson’s point of view of education was much different from what the child education laws going on today. In the end though, the US government ended up selecting the rich guys to choose it, and they chose their own concept of education, one where students are just there to learn how to become a businessman or factory worker. Interpreting concepts in different ways can also lead us to false expectations. Take Daniel Bruno’s essay, â€Å"Entitlement Education,† for example. In the essay, he points out how students â€Å"have a sense of entitlement,† in other words, that after so many times of turning in work that they didn’t put much effort into and getting good grades for them, they feel they deserve better grades than what they get in college. This involves concepts because, while the student thinks the paper deserves a better grade, in the view of the teacher, he could have done much better. This shows that different people can define concepts or ideas as different things, and it could bring problems to them. The same problem is presented in Paul Roberts’ â€Å"How to Say Nothing in 500 words.† Students think that their idea of a good 500 page essay is just writing and filling up as much space as they possibly can, and when they get back their papers, it’s always a big surprise to them when they get something like a D as a grade. Susan Jacoby’s essay, â€Å"When Bright Girls Decide That Math is a ‘Waste of Time,’† is a great example of the difference in what people think about concepts. In this case, it talks about how society sees what classes boys and girls usually take, and more deeply, how society’s ideals for each gender is something that the vast majority of individuals follow. Jacoby cites a good example by showing how if a girl would go to her parents and ask if she can drop her science and math classes because she was looking more into art or history in college, and the parents say they’re ok with it. Ultimately, what Jacoby is trying to say is that because of these decisions where women aren’t given the proper motivation to study more technical classes, it’s crippling the improvement of women’s overall quality of life in the future, since they probably won’t earn the same as other people who know more about science and math (like men do.) Lastly, in Doris Lessing’s â€Å"Group Minds,† she explains how the way we conceptually think about us as members of the western world is very far from reality. As she denotes, a westerner views himself as a free individual who think and does as he pleases, when the truth is that he thinks accordingly to what other people are thinking. In the end, the concept of the westerner as we regularly see it differs from what the truth really is. So, to sum up, concepts, or the ideas and ways we see things, can differ greatly, depending on each person. It’s important to know that this is perfectly normal, as we are free thinkers, but it is also important that we don’t cause problems by having different views on things, as was shown in some examples on this paper.

Digital Storage Oscilloscope Working Principle

Digital Storage Oscilloscope Working Principle Oscilloscopes are used to measure electric signals to display it as waveforms. Oscilloscope is known as scope and its most common usage is to observe signal. It was invented by Karl Braun in 1897. There are several number oscilloscopes in the market such as digital, analogues, dual beam, mixed signal etc but the main focus on the report is digital storage oscilloscope. A digital oscilloscope is a measuring instrument that uses binary numbers which writes to samples of the voltage.   Digital oscilloscope is affected by bandwidth e.g. as the frequency is increasing the oscilloscope accuracy decreases. Its also affected by sample rate, e.g. The quicker it can sample, the accurate the results are displayed for fast signal. The digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) is of the three digital oscilloscopes but DSO is the conventional form of digital oscilloscope. Its screen is like a computer monitor or TV screen as it uses raster type screen. The operation of the digital storage oscillos cope is pretty simple, The first stage the signal enters within the scope is the vertical amplifier where some analogue signal conditioning is undertaken to scale and position the waveform. Next this signal is applied to an analogue to digital converter (ADC).(www.Radio-electronics.com). The DSO is easy to set up. The digital storage oscilloscope has many controls, e.g. Switch, TIME / DIV, Trigger controls, Intensity and focus, CH I and CH II inputs, VOLTS / DIV etc. The DSO in comparison with Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope has less bandwidth, less sample rate but same channels etc. Aims: To understand the basics about digital storage oscilloscope To be able to operate an digital storage oscilloscope To be able to set-up an oscilloscope To be able understand   the designs of digital storage oscilloscope To be able to understand advantages and disadvantages of different types of oscilloscope Introduction: Oscilloscopes are measuring equipment which displays electric waveforms on a screen like a small Television.   An oscilloscope is known as CRO, DSO, scope or an O-scope. Its common usage is to observe wave shapes of signal. There are four sections in an oscilloscope: the vertical and horizontal controls trigger controls and finally the display screen (the screen consists of cathode ray tube).   The research on oscilloscope has been done through books, internet, magazines etc. Karl Braun was the inventor of oscilloscope in 1897 (http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventors/a/Karl_Braun.htm). The main sector oscilloscopes used in are engineering, medicine, telecommunications and science. In October 2010 Tektronix Inc manufacturer of oscilloscopes discovered that Series of digital and mixed signal oscilloscopes that now deliver 100 GS/s sampling rate performance. This enables lower noise along with increased data points on 5x oversampled 20 GHz acquisitions (http://www.pr log.org/11013155-tektronix-raises-bar-for-oscilloscope-sampling-rates-signal-integrity.html) There are several numbers of oscilloscope e.g. digital, analogues, dual beam, mixed signal etc.   This reports main focus will be the design and operating principle of digital storage oscilloscope.   Firstly the report will look into how the oscilloscope works, and then it will follow on to how its designed and finally how to set it up. A digital oscilloscope is a measuring instrument that uses binary numbers which writes to samples of the voltage.   ADC (analogue to digital converter) is used to change the analogue data into digital data then it makes the signal digitally.   For it to be displayed in the screen its then converted back to analogue. A digital oscilloscope has its limitation to performing just like an analogue oscilloscope.   There is a limit to the frequency which it can work up to. The limits of frequency are affected by analog bandwidth front-end section which is known as -3 dB point  and sampling rate of the oscilloscope,  the samples is taken in regular breaks.   When the sample rate is high, the frequency increases on screen.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Factors affecting the frequency of digital oscilloscope: Bandwidth specification Oscilloscope sample rate Bandwidth specification The bandwidth specification determines the frequency range which the scope (oscilloscope) measures accurately in the display. As the frequency is increasing the oscilloscope accuracy decreases. The bandwidth is mainly defined as a drop of 3 decibels (dB) or sensitivity at lower frequency at 0.707. Bandwidth in Hz x rise time in seconds = 0.35. E.g. to resolve an oscilloscope pulses with the rise of 2 nanosecond would have a bandwidth of 700MHz. but for a digital oscilloscope the sampling rate would have to be ten times higher frequency to resolve. E.g. 10megasample/second would measure up to 1 megahertz of signals. Oscilloscope sample Rate The oscilloscope sampling rate indicates on digital oscilloscopes how many samples per second the analog to digital converter can gain. The quicker it can sample, the accurate the results are displayed for fast signal. The maximum sample rate is given by MS/s which is mega samples per second. The minimum sample rate might come in handy if you need to look at signals changing slowly. The sampling rate can be change by the controls (sec/div) on the oscilloscope. Digital storage oscilloscope The digital storage oscilloscope is of the three digital oscilloscopes but DSO is the conventional form of digital oscilloscope. Its screen is like a computer monitor or TV screen as it uses raster type screen. By using the raster screen its helps to display images that fill the whole screen and it may include text on the screen. (Ian P (2004) oscilloscope types [internet]. Available fromhttp://www.radio-electronics.com/info/t_and_m/oscilloscope/oscilloscope_types.php [date accessed 18/10/10]). First you have to store the waveform in the digital format to get the raster type display on screen. As a result of storing the waveform form digitally it can be processed by the oscilloscope or by connecting to a computer. This enables a high degree of processing to be achieved, and the required display provided very easily and often with a very cheap processing platform. It also enables the waveform to be retained indefinitely, unlike the analogue scopes for which the waveform could only be stored for a very limited time. (www.Radio-electronics.com). The operation of the digital storage oscilloscope is pretty simple, The first stage the signal enters within the scope is the vertical amplifier where some analogue signal conditioning is undertaken to scale and position the waveform. Next this signal is applied to an analogue to digital converter (ADC). (www.Radio-electronics.com). The samples are taken at regular intervals. The sampling rate is important because it determines the resolution of the signal. The samples are taken in per second or MS/s (mega sample rate). All the samples are stored within is the oscilloscope as waveform points, and several samples of waveform make up a single waveform point. The overall waveform is stored as a waveform record and its start is governed by the trigger, its finish being determined by the horizontal time base time. (www.Radio-electronics.com). The digital storage oscilloscope is an in the digital format which means there is a signal processor. With having a signal processor it helps to process the signal in different ways, before it passes the display memory and the display. Digital storage oscilloscope www.doctronics.co.uk Controls of digital storage oscilloscope Screen this is where all the waveform signals are displayed by using the X axis and Y axis. www.photoshelter.com Switch to turn ON the oscilloscope and to turn OFF. X-Y control its used to display component characteristic curves. Its mainly used for output position. TV-separation it allows the display to be shown on TV system so it can compare signals different points. TIME / DIV by using this control V/t graph horizontal scale can be changed. Trigger controls it allows the oscilloscope display to be coordinated with the signal you want to look into. Intensity and focus this control is used to change the brightness of the scope by adjusting it. X-POS by using this control the whole V/t graph can be moved side to side. X-MAG horizontal scale of the V/t graph is increased by 10 times in the IN position. CAL outputs -the top terminal gives square wave at 0.2  V peak to peak but the lower terminal gives square wave of 2  V peak to peak at 50 Hz. Component tester A changing voltage is provided by the output socket to allow component characteristic curves to be displayed. Y-POS I and Y-POS II this control allows the resultant outcome to move up or down Invert when its invert the waveform signal on the screen is turned upside down. CH I and CH II inputs using the BNC plugs the signals are connected to the BNC input socket. The smaller socket is called earth or ground. VOLTS / DIV independently the vertical scales for CH I and CH II can be adjusted. DC/AC/GND slide switches In the DC position, the signal input is connected directly to the Y-amplifier of the corresponding channel, CH I or CH II. In the AC position, a capacitor is connected into the signal pathway so that DC voltages are blocked and only changing AC signals are displayed (www.doctronics.co.uk) Trace selection switches settings of control switches for oscilloscope screen. How to set up an oscilloscope First you warm up the oscilloscope by switching it on. At this stage do not connect any input leads. Select the DC/AC/GND switch to DC (the Y-input) Select the X-Y/SWP to SWP (sweep) Put the trigger level to AUTO Select the trigger source to INT (the Y input, internal) Put 5V/cm at the Y-AMPLIFIER Put the TIMEBASE to 10ms/cm Select 1 or Cal for the time base VRIABLE control. to map out the middle of the screen adjust the Y-SHIFT (up/down) and X SHIFT (left/right) to brighten up the focus adjust the INTENSITY and FOCUS now the oscilloscope is ready to go http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/cro.htm Digital storage oscilloscope Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope 100  MHz 200  MHz bandwidth 500 MHz, 300 MHz, 100 MHz bandwidth 2  GS/s Real time sample rate 5 GS/s sample rate 2 or 4 Channels 2 or 4 Channels It rapidly documents and examines Measurement. Its results with OpenChoice ® Software or Integrated CompactFlash ® Mass Storage 21 Automatic Measurements FFT Standard on All Models FFT for Frequency and Harmonic Analysis Advanced Triggers to Quickly Capture the Event of Interest Advanced Triggers, such as, Glitch, Width, and Logic Full VGA Color LCD on all Models Multi-Language User Interface Built-in Floppy Disk Drive for Easy Storage and Documentation Quick Menu User Interface Mode for Quick, Easy Operation Traditional, Analog-style Knobs and Multilanguage User Interface for Easy Operation 9-bit Vertical Resolution Quick Setup and Operation with Auto set Menu, Auto range, Waveform and Setup Memories, and Built-in, Context-sensitive Help Telecommunications Mask Testing (TMT) Backlit Menu Buttons for High Visibility Extended Video Application Module 11 of the Most Critical Automatic Waveform Measurements Support for Active Probes, Differential Probes, and Current Probes that Provide Automatic Scaling and Units 8 Hours of Continuous Battery Operation with Two Batteries Installed, Hot Swappable for Virtually Unlimited Freedom from AC Line Power Optional Power Application Software offers the Broadest Range of Power Measurements at its Price Point Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope http://infrared.als.lbl.gov/content/PDF/equipment/Tektronix_TDS3052_Data_Sheet.pdf Digital storage oscilloscope http://www2.tek.com/cmswpt/psdetails.lotr?ct=pscs=psuci=13304lc=EN

Contributions of Feminism to Archaeological Theory

Contributions of Feminism to Archaeological Theory Introduction In its stages of conception, archaeology was considered to be merely a sub-discipline of both history and anthropology, and, in many cases, was restricted as a rich mans hobby. Developed during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the initial episode in the history of theoretical archaeology is usually referred to as culture history, a means by which early archaeologists established rudimentary predictive models patterning human behaviour within designated temporal and spatial contexts via the interpretation of artefactual evidence. Though universally popular during the first half of the twentieth century, culture history was rebelled against during the 1960s. Perceived as restrictive due to its reliance on categorisation of artefacts the paradigms of culture history were abandoned in favour of the newly developed school of thought known as New Archaeology. In an attempt to incorporate a level of scientific reasoning to anthropological archaeology, these primarily American archaeologists, chiefly Lewis Binford and his associates, moved away from simple descriptions of the past in favour of questioning why cultures developed and adopting hypothesis evaluations (Renfrew and Bahn, 1996). The scientific basis and reliance of New Archaeology instigated the widespread development of processual archaeology. Two decades later, processualisms focus on science and impartiality were increasingly questioned. Led by Ian Hodder, Michael Shanks and Christopher Tilley, a new approach to theoretical archaeology emerged, which emphasised the necessity of relativism in archaeological investigation (Shanks and Tilley, 1992). This methodology, known as post-processualism, however, has been criticised by proponents of processualism and New Archaeology for abandoning scientific competency and rigour, and the debate over the most appropriate theoretical approach to any archaeological analysis is still much in evidence. Theoretical archaeology now relies on a wide range of influences. During the 1970s and 80s, gender-related and feminist archaeology became popular among those archaeologists seeking a post-processual approach to cultural identity. Though phenomenology, post-modernism, and post-processualism are still discussed in the literature and relied upon to evaluate cultural diversity, feminist archaeology is, for the most part, unique in focusing on the collection of evidence of female social roles in past cultures and their influence in developing and sculpting individual societies (Gilchrist, 1998). Archaeological theory It is possible to summarise the history of how archaeology has been conducted in the twentieth century into three expansive concepts; predominantly description, explanation, and interpretation (Trigger, 1989). The chronological sequencing methodologies, encouraged by the culture history approach, allowed the description and ordering of artefacts using stratigraphic excavation and stylistic seriation, particularly with regard to ceramics and lithics. Though much disregarded following the development of processual and post-processual archaeology, the descriptive approach of culture history dominated the majority of the twentieth century, and successfully produced charts and maps of cultures based upon artefacts and stratigraphic sequences which are still relied on as initial datasets for investigation (Hodder and Hutson, 2003). Arguing for a new recognition of the processes behind the evidence obtained from the archaeological record, the development of complex processual archaeology encouraged many advocating theorists to analyse the evidence away from simple classifications and to view the archaeological record from a taphonomical viewpoint. Proponents of behavioural archaeology, such as Michael Schiffer (1983, 1995), argued that the culture history assumption of artefacts existing as in situ fossils restricted the comprehensive analysis of archaeology to categorisation alone. Processualism criticised culture history, and Binfords early statement that artefacts were â€Å"fossils† upon which past reconstructions could easily be made (Renfrew and Bahn, 1996), for epistemological simplicity. The recognition that much of the value of evidence from the archaeological record was being lost through the collection approach of culture history necessitated a review and reassessment of the methodology of arch aeological investigation, which, in turn, illustrated the problematic approaches of processualism with regard to the rigid, ethnocentric tenets of scientific archaeologists. Archaeology, it was criticised, saw what it wanted to see and moulded the evidence to fit ethnically biased hypotheses, predominantly a result of the domination of Caucasian male scientists within the field during the 1980s. For example, feminist archaeologists emphasised the androcentric approaches of theoretical archaeology by denouncing statements, from male archaeologists, that the commonly-cited Venus figurines of Europe represented the palaeolithic equivalent of pornography. During the era of processualism, a new-found movement of feminist archaeology began questioning the cultural presence of females in the archaeological record, debating their very existence at all (Conkey and Spector, 1984; Wylie, 1991). Feminist archaeology The exploration of the social status of genders in the past is the all-encompassing drive behind feminist archaeology. Though it has only recently become a field of study in its own right, the interest in prehistoric matriarchy stems largely from the nineteenth century, particularly with regard to claims made by J. J. Bachofen in 1861 and Frederick Engels in 1884. Engels and Bachofen proposed that matriarchy formed an important, universal phase in human culture after an initial stage of promiscuity and prior to what was termed the world historic defeat of the female sex (Key and MacKinnon, 2000). Engels suggested an early stage in human development was characterised by group marriage, with descent traced through women and matrilocality. Women had supremacy in the household and their high status derived from their central position within the social relations of production (Conkey and Gero, 1997), however, these conclusions were based not on archaeological evidence but on ancient myths and ethnographic cases. Marija Gimbutass interpretation of Early Neolithic farming communities as matrifocal and probably matrilinear, egalitarian and peaceful, worshipping a supreme goddess, is a result of her research into the symbolism of female figurines and statuary from household contexts in south-east Europe and the Near East (Gimbutas, 1974, 1989, 1991). Although unsupported by many archaeologists, her views have become unassailable for certain ecofeminist groups, and at least contrast with the androcentric evaluation of hunt scene cave art. The analyses of Palaeolithic figurines illustrate that differences in ethnological and epistemological approach potentially result in hugely varying disparities in the interpretative conclusions of particular artefacts, sites, and periods in history and prehistory. Overall, applying concepts of gender to all aspects of a specific culture is profoundly more productive than the restricted, narrow approaches of New Archaeology and culture history. It is important to archaeological interpretation that multiple varieties of gender, and their associated arrangements within a given culture, are illustrated and emphasised, in contrast to the previous assumption of a single dichotomy between proactive male and passive female roles. Feminist archaeologists, in general, have aspired to determining the quantity of genders in past societies, with particular regard to the engendering of biological sex. The most reliable sources of this data, as purported by many feminist archaeologists, are from funerary deposits. However, this data is frequently invisible or vague within the archaeological record, and the differentiation between the dichotomy of the biological status of sex and the cultural status of gender remains problematic. Furthermore, feminist archaeologists claim that a false dichotomy between the genders, often referred to as labour division, exists. Within modern indigenous and developed cultures, men and women are often assigned different functions within the community, and it is reasonable to assume that this division existed in the past, however, there is significant dislocation between gender-specific roles in most cultures. Feminist archaeology has contributed greatly to the umbrella field of archaeology by encouraging an avoidance of the polarisation of genders, thereby providing more subtle and comprehensive understanding of societies (Bem, 1993). Feminist archaeology has therefore contributed greatly to the understanding of archaeological interpretation. It has encouraged new questions and new methodological approaches to data sets, and has revolutionised observations and analyses of existing data, particularly with emphasis on removing bias from interpretation. In contrast to the assumptions purported by other schools of theoretical archaeology, feminism has critiqued and argued against presumed concepts, encouraging the application of epistemological analysis to gender roles. By challenging preconceived ideology regarding the interaction between men and women within past societies, feminist archaeology adopts a refreshingly questioning approach in contrast to the previous interpretation of sites based on current modern attitudes, practices and socio-cultural biases. Conclusion Unfortunately, there is no single consensus on the definition of feminism and feminist theory, and, therefore, it is unrealistic to portray feminist archaeology as a homogeneous, ideologically-coherent framework. As a movement of resistance and struggle against male oppression for womens empowerment, theoretical feminist objectives include a critique of female status in past societies and the definition of gender difference for women. Initial rethinking of the new female history, anthropology and archaeology focused on the countering of androcentric narratives, the recognition of powerful individual women in the past, the search for matriarchies in past societies, and the redressing of the balance hitherto ignored by theoretical archaeology. Sà ¸rensen (1992) has outlined three predominant categories of archaeological sources most useful for pursuing archaeologies of gender: burial activities, individual appearance through costume, particularly from funerary contexts, and some types of art. Though this is a short analysis of the benefit of feminism to archaeological theory and practice, details given here illustrate several ways that a feminist stance can improve and contribute to archaeological interpretations. In comparison to the previously biased analysis of singularly male roles within prehistory, feminist archaeology offers the opportunity to consider all aspects of men and women, particularly roles, status, and contemporary perceptions, from a balanced perspective. Many theoretical archaeologists now believe this to be essential to a comprehensive understanding of past societies. Economic relationships between communities, political structures, and ideological status are affected by our often biased interpretation of gender roles, and feminism, above all other schools of archaeological theory, attempts to desegregate the prejudiced views of gender superiority and inferiority, allowing clarity of interpretation, and giving a voice to the hitherto ignored female se ctions of past societies. Bibliography Bem, S. (1993) The Lenses of Gender. New Haven, Yale University Press Conkey, M. W. and Spector, J. D (1984) Archaeology and the study of gender. Advances in Archaeological Methods and Theory 7: 1-38 Conkey, M. W. and Gero, J. M. (1997) Programme to practice: Gender and Feminism in Archaeology. Annual Review of Anthropology 26: 411-437 Gilchrist, R. (1998) Womens archaeology?: political feminism, gender theory and historical revision. In Hays-Gilpin, K. and Whitley, D. (eds.) Reader in Gender Archaeology. London, Routledge Gimbutas, M. (1974) The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe: myths and cult images. London, Thames and Hudson Gimbutas, M. (1989) The Language of the Goddess. London, Thames and Hudson Gimbutas, M. (1991) The Civilisation of the Goddess. New York, Harper Collins. Hodder, I. and Hutson, S. (2003) Reading the Past: Current Approaches to Interpretation in Archaeology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Key C.J. and MacKinnon J.J. (2000) A Feminist Critique of Recent A rchaeological Theories and Explanations of the Rise of State-Level Societies. Dialectical Anthropology 25(2): 109-121 Renfrew, C. and Bahn, P. (1996) Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practices. London, Thames and Hudson Schiffer, M. B. (1983) Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory. London, Academic Press Inc. Schiffer, M. B. (1995) Behavioural Archaeology. Utah, University of Utah Press Shanks, M. and Tilley, C. (1992) Reconstructing Archaeology: Theory and Practice. London, Routledge Sà ¸rensen, M. L. S. (1992) Gender archaeology and Scandinavian Bronze Age studies. Norwegian Archaeological Review 25: 31-49 Trigger, B. (1989) A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Wylie, A. (1991) Gender theory and the archaeological record: why is there no archaeology of gender? In Gero, J. and Conkey, M. (eds.) Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory. Oxford, Blackwell Publishers

Thou Shall Not Kill :: essays research papers

) Capital punishment is the killing of a killer. The act of capital punishment is wrong and useless and I have few reasons why. When a murderer is executed or shot by lethal injection it costs almost twice as much as a criminal sitting in jail for 20 years. Another reason this is a very bad concept is because capital punishment encourages murder. Lastly no matter how sick and demented these wretched beasts are, they still don't deserve to be denied their right to live. Capital punishment is not a smart idea for the prisons who put it into effect. The execution of a prisoner too much money, which is unnecessary to spend. If we keep killing all of these felons, we'll quickly run out of money, simply because of this wasteful act. The money that is going towards the execution and the supplies are coming from your tax money. The more people the government continues to kill, the less money will go towards things we really want and need. The authorities are encouraging murders because of capital punishment. In just about every society world-wide murdering is wrong and should have strict punishment if done. Yet this law is clear to all Americans; capital punishment is contradicting it. The government says killing is only justified under certain circumstances, in which some convicted felons fall under. This is sending a message to the public that if it's under certain situations killing an individual is perfectly all right. In conclusion, capital punishment is overly expensive, encourages murder, and is simply wrong. This act of murder effects everyone for the worse. It should end, right now.

A Little Mistake - Original Writing :: Papers

A Little Mistake - Original Writing â€Å"Alex please report to the office, Alex to the office please,† blared over the loudspeaker into the English classroom. â€Å"Ooooooooohhhhhh!!!† the class replied in standard form, implying I must be in trouble. But I was in trouble and I knew it. I walked to the office and waited in a chair for the assistant principal to come and lecture me about how what I did was wrong. However, I wasn’t wrong, at least I didn’t think so. Tick-tock, tick-tock, seconds seemed like hours as I waited for my dreaded sentence. (What would it be? Detention for a week? A month? A year?) From one of the back offices, a big dark shadow moved closer to me. Suddenly, the shadow became Mr. Schuler, standing in front of me. â€Å"Alex, come in my office, please,† he said in his stern tone. Following him into the office, I felt like a midget next to his giant stature and was intimidated from all of the rumors that he was as strict as Miss. Trunchbell from Maltilda with his punishments. Mr. Schuler sat down shuffled through the disciplinary form that had been filed for me. â€Å"It says here that you left class without the teachers permission.† â€Å"Yes, that’s†¦part†¦of†¦what†¦happened,† I stuttered, while trying to hold back the tears from running down my face. It was my first time ever really getting in trouble at school and I feared my parents would kill me, plus sitting across from the beast we referred to as Mr. Schuler was a pretty intimidating situation of its own. â€Å"You know that was wrong, don’t you?† he replied. â€Å"Yeah,† I said, composing myself, â€Å"but there is an explanation for it. You see, I was working on this project and someone thought I was being mean to them, so they ripped up the paper that I had written all my notes on and I started yelling so the sub hollered at me to go to the office and I left the classroom and was going to come to the office

Slovakia Economic Analysis :: essays papers

Slovakia Economic Analysis Country: Slovak Republic Formation of the Slovak Republic The Slovak Republic, or Slovakia, is located in Eastern Europe with a population of 5.4 million people and borders the countries of Poland, Austria, the Ukraine, and the Czech Republic (The World Bank). As originally part of the former nation of Czechoslovakia, the Slovak Republic has only recently begun to write its own history (Abizadeh, p. 171). During 1989 many revolts took place against eastern European governments under communism, including Czechoslovakia (Slovakia.Org, â€Å"20th Century†). Both Slovaks and Czechs staged massive protests against communism in Czechoslovakia and ended the communist regime in November 1989 (Slovakia.Org, â€Å"20th Century†). Under the new non-communist system of government, the two republics of Czechoslovakia were established: the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). In June 1990, with the federal and republic-level governments in place, free elections were held for the first time in the country since 1946 (Slovakia.Org, â€Å"20th Century†). The main concern of the new government was the transformation of Czechoslovakia from a state-controlled to a free market economy (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). Disputes arose between the two republics about reform process which focused on privatization, the encouragement of foreign investment, policy of macro-economic stabilization, price liberalization, and liberalization of foreign trade (Slovakia.Org, â€Å"20th Century†). The Czech Republic was more economically developed than the industrial-based economy of Slovakia (Slovakia.Org, â€Å"20th Century†). The transition to a market economy left the Slovak Republic to endure greater economic hardships than the Czech Republic (Sovakia.Org, â€Å"20th Century†). For example, the federal government chose to dramatically cut the country’s defense industry, resulting in a large decrease in industrial production and a large rise in unemployment in Slovakia (Slovakia.Org, â€Å"Slovak Economy†). This took place because the economy that rose out of the communist era in Slovakia was based on industrial production, particularly on weapons and military equipment (Slovakia.Org, â€Å"Slovak Economy†). There was a great difference of opinions between the Slovaks and Czechs about the nature and pace of economic reform in Czechoslovakia (Slovakia.Org, â€Å"20th Century†). The disagreements delayed the reform process and also the acceptance of a new constitution (Slovakia.Org, â€Å"20th Century†). It became obvious that the current form of government could meet the demands of both republics. As a result, Slovakia declared its sovereignty in July 1992, in other words, its laws took higher priority than those of the federal government (Slovakia.

A Doll’s House: Nora’s Character Essay

From the first moments of her entrance, the audience perceives Nora Helmer as a spoiled, childish young woman. She is revealed as a loving woman who wants to spoil her family with more Christmas gifts that she may be able to afford. She also continues to eat macaroons in secret, deliberately against her husband’s wishes, which shows a child’s stubbornness and determination. Throughout Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, Nora Helmer grows from what the audience perceives as a flighty, immature child to a level-headed, mature woman. After the entrance of Mrs. Linde, Nora’s childhood friend, the audience learns that Nora has borrowed money – something that women of that time were not permitted to do. Not only did she borrow money, but she borrowed it through an unscrupulous banker that Torvald works with, Krogstad. Although her intentions were admirable, Nora’s partaking in an illegal practice showed more immaturity on her part. Having to lie to Torvald about what she was doing with the money he gave her only further proves that she was not capable of handling such a serious transaction. During Nora’s talks with Torvald over Krogstad, Torvald says, â€Å"Almost everyone who goes bad early in life has a mother who’s a chronic liar† (Ibsen 1527). This news causes Nora to panic and shut down all contact with her three children. While a statement such as that does warrant some kind of reaction, Nora’s extreme actions show a blind confidence in her husband’s words. She believes that everything he says must be gospel. If she had more knowledge of being a mother, she would have known that she could challenge his bold words. Although many people are able to see goodness in others no matter how slight it may be, Nora blindly assumes that because she has three small children, Krogstad will not reveal their transaction to Torvald or the authorities. At the beginning of Act II, she says, â€Å"Nothing terrible could happen. It’s impossible. Why, I have three small children† (Ibsen 1527). A more experienced woman would know that nothing, not even something as sweet and innocent as children, can get in the way of a desperate man. From Act II to the end of the play, Nora continually refers to a miracle. It seems that she wished Torvald would take care of the whole situation with Krogstad once he found out about it and love and praise her for her sacrifice. After he outright condemns her, calling her a criminal and a liar, Torvald accuses Nora of wrecking his happiness, tells her she must never see the children, and blames her father’s parenting for the entire situation. When Nora realizes Torvald is not going to suffer for her sake or take on her guilt, something in her snaps. Even after they get Krogstad’s note back and burn it, she knows things cannot remain how they have been in the past. She says, â€Å"I’ve been your doll-wife here, just as at home I was Papa’s doll-child† (Ibsen 1552). By the final scenes of the play, the audience watches as Nora blossoms into a strong, independent woman. She refuses any money that Torvald offers her, and finally challenges some of his words. She tells him that he may have the strength to â€Å"make himself over† if his â€Å"doll gets taken away† (Ibsen 1555). That small exchange proves that she is not merely running from her problems, but she genuinely wants Torvald and herself to have a chance to change. At last she walks out the door but leaves Torvald with the hope that someday they might have a true marriage. She sighs, â€Å"You and I both would have to transform ourselves to the point that†¦ That our living together could be a true marriage† (Ibsen 1556).

Effects of slang language in the english language Essay

2.5 billion Text messages are sent per day Majority of people have been affected by â€Å"slang† language. This report describes and evaluates the reference of ‘slang’ being incorporated into the English language. Qualitative research in the form of a questionnaire has been used to conduct the research and gather the necessary information needed to compile this research report. With the research conducted, it was found that students are very keen and do not mind ‘slang’ being incorporated into the school syllabus and into the English language. With careful evaluation, it has been identified that ‘slang’ is used mostly by those who are too lazy to type and people who find it hard to remember the spelling of certain words. They also find it easier and quicker to write and type. further research can be conducted to find out how the Department of Education and English professionals think about ‘slang’ being part of the English language and ‘slang’ being used in schools as an acceptable language. The effects of ‘slang’ language on the English vocabulary? â€Å"Since texting became popular in the 1990’s, the underlying question is whether it is the texting language is advancing or ruining the English language† (Huang, 2008: para 8). Research on this topic has been conducted, on both the positives and negatives. 2.5 billion Text messages are sent per day Majority of people have been affected by â€Å"slang† language. â€Å"This new form of communication has become so prominent that some educators worry that it may be damaging learner’s literacy skills.† (Paul, 2010: para.1). Throughout the centuries, the English language has change from various types, like the Shakespearean English, the Elizabethan English; to the English the modern people of today now speak. â€Å"This structure allows people to write and receive messages faster.† (Puaze, 2011: para 1). The impact of the texting language has contributed drastically to the immense change and standards to the English language. The content and structures of a sentence has no grammar and substance and punctuation is just as bad. Many critics of the texting language have noted that an individual’s vocabulary lacks, as they cannot express what they want to say. The texting language lessons a person’s vocabulary. â€Å"It avoids the richness of the English language and instead it shrinks their vocabulary† (Hadden, 2012: para 3). Many learners who use â€Å"slang† language very frequently have problems in writing essays because of their limited vocabulary. Many teachers have noted the vast use of the â€Å"slang† language in homework activities and essay reports. Even the simplest words are misspelled. â€Å"Many say that the use of â€Å"slang† language is contributing to the evolution of the English language† (Bainto, 2010: para 5). People consider this language as creativity and word play. They consider it creating a universal language that everyone can communicate in. The English language can be complex at times and researchers believe that â€Å"slang† language helps people with their writing skills. In the end, the â€Å"slang† texting language is not necessarily a degradation of the English language; it’s more of â€Å"twerking† the English language. Learners of today are fluent speakers of this â€Å"slang† language when conversing with peers, their parents or even teachers but when it is time to focus on academics, they separate the language from their academic reports Research question and aims Research question What are the effects of ‘slang’ language on the English vocabulary? Research aims How does ‘slang’ language affect academic writing? Will it ever be acceptable in the English vocabulary? Does it weaken the English language? Methodology A questionnaire has been decided for data collection. It corresponds with the research question; what are the effects of ‘slang’ language on the English language? A questionnaire is time efficient for the respondents as the questionnaire has an equal amount of open-ended and close-ended questions. The open-ended questions are there to get a clear indication of how the respondents think towards the research question. The questionnaire will be distributed randomly to UJ students on a Friday, no specific race or sex is needed because the research question is aimed at the youth and students and they are the majority users of ‘slang’. There are no limitations to the questionnaire because University students need to be literate and there should be an easy understanding to the questions being asked. Major themes from findings Many participants have agreed that ‘slang’ should be incorporated into the English language as it is an everyday use of language. Even though ‘slang’ is not an academic language or a formal language, many in this time of day use the language even the elderly. Slang is mostly used to communicate via texting as it makes it simpler and quicker to say what is needed by using an abbreviated form of the word. Many other students have a problem with slang because they find it hard to remember the spelling of certain words during tests and assignments because of the constant use of the abbreviated words. They believe that slang weakens the English language but find it easier to use on a daily. From the findings of my data collection, majority of the questionnaire participants believe that yes, slang should be incorporated into the English language as it used by many people already. Analysis and interpretation of findings Having analysed the data, it has been found that many students are of preference of the ‘slang’ language for it makes means of communication easier and quicker for them. The findings also indicate that keen though learners are keen on the ‘slang’ language being incorporated in the English language, they feel that it weakens the English language and lessens their capacity to think more broadly and remember how to spell certain words during tests and exams. Even though it give the ability to think creatively as they are given the chance to play around and create new words. Even though ‘slang’ has not been incorporated into the English language, it is highly used by many people, especially the youth of today and some of the elderly. Conclusion Qualitative research was conducted in order to find the information that was needed to compile this research assignment. The main aim of this research was to unravel what the effects of ‘slang’ is on the English language. With thorough analysis, interpretation and analysis, it has been found that many students and respondents would prefer to have ‘slang’ language incorporated into the English language. Recommendations: with the findings, further research can be conducted to find out how the Department of Education and English professionals think about ‘slang’ being part of the English language and ‘slang’ being used in schools as an acceptable language. References 1. Bainto. MD, Esquejo. RM 2010-http://www.aldersgate-college.com/research/arts-sciences/education/slang-impact -on-spelling-proficiency-in-schools/ (Accessed†¦ 12/08/13) 2. Haddan. S. http://voices .yahoo.com/slang-killing-grammer-5049642.html (Accessed†¦ 12/08/13) 3. Haung. L 2008-http://ww.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2008/08/01/the-death-of-english.html (Accessed†¦ 12/08/13) 4. Paul. J. 2010 http://ww.huffingtonpost.com/paul-jury/5-ways-texting-is-striker-b-657309.html (Accessed†¦ 12/08/13) 5. Pause. J 2011http://oldmunicipallibrary.blogspot.com/2011/02/texting-and-its-effects-on-english.html (Accessed†¦ 12/08/2013) Appendices Introduction Your answers will enable us to receive views about ‘slang’ language on the English language. Your identity will be kept anonymous. The results to this survey will appear in our campus newspaper. Thank you. Questionnaire 1. When texting, do you text in full words or do you cut the words shorts? If so, why? 2. If answered yes above, how has this affected your spelling overall? 3. Do you text in abbreviated words to elder people and do they understand what you are saying? 4. Do they reply in the same way that you text them?

Peace in Mindanao

The peace process in Mindanao still needs a lot of work. The path to peace on the Bangsamoro sector. The establishment of compromising and reaching of the meeting of minds has been conducted. What I want to see is how this will all played out. It is one big step and a giant leaf to a very narrow treacherous process to surpass from but the president assures that it will be done or happen when our countrymen will be willing to help them in their quest for peace.The people itself will have to give justification on the stipulation and not only must the president himself will be the one to fight for peace but also the people itself that must be as well involve for this is their nation to bring about the prospering of peace in the land. We all do want peace. But there is no real peace. Then has always been conflict. What action can we take in the name of peace? Can both sides change the politics of anger and resentment into a policy of cooperation?The Filipino’s lack of discipline e ncompasses several related characteristics. We have a casual and relaxed attitude towards time and space which manifest itself into lack of precision and compulsiveness, in poor time management and in procrastination. We are impatient and unable to delay gratification or reward, resulting in the use of shortcuts, in skirting the rules (pasulot syndrome) and foolhardiness. We are guilty of ningas cogon, starting out projects with full vigor and interest which abruptly die down leaving things unfinished.Our lack of discipline often results in inefficient, wasteful work system, violation of rules leading to more serious transgression and a casual work ethic leading to carelessness and lack of follow-through. The path to peace is always a sensitive topic to obtain. In life there are no shortcuts and so we must be conscious not to show our weakness in character when we mean business. I just hope in this modernize world by while walking on the road with the right determination and enduran ce that it eventually lead to the right path and that is the path to peace.There is no need for haste because peace does not come out automatically, after all people do have safety precautions labeled on each one of us that trust does not easily be gain but you work for it. As the saying goes â€Å"hastes makes wastes†. Filipinos do have strength in characters as well. One of that is the pakikipagkapwa-tao where Filipinos are open to others and fell one with others. We regard others with dignity, respect and deal with them as fellow human beings.It is manifested in a basic sense of justice, fairness and concern for others. It is demonstrated in the ability to empathize with others, helpfulness and generosity in times of need (pakikiramaray), in the practice of bayanihan and the famous Filipino hospitality. Throughout human history, mankind has seemingly always been able to solve problems. So there is a possibility that this dilemma can be surpassing despite the obstacles that awaits it. Peace in Mindanao The peace process in Mindanao still needs a lot of work. The path to peace on the Bangsamoro sector. The establishment of compromising and reaching of the meeting of minds has been conducted. What I want to see is how this will all played out. It is one big step and a giant leaf to a very narrow treacherous process to surpass from but the president assures that it will be done or happen when our countrymen will be willing to help them in their quest for peace.The people itself will have to give justification on the stipulation and not only must the president himself will be the one to fight for peace but also the people itself that must be as well involve for this is their nation to bring about the prospering of peace in the land. We all do want peace. But there is no real peace. Then has always been conflict. What action can we take in the name of peace? Can both sides change the politics of anger and resentment into a policy of cooperation?The Filipino’s lack of discipline e ncompasses several related characteristics. We have a casual and relaxed attitude towards time and space which manifest itself into lack of precision and compulsiveness, in poor time management and in procrastination. We are impatient and unable to delay gratification or reward, resulting in the use of shortcuts, in skirting the rules (pasulot syndrome) and foolhardiness. We are guilty of ningas cogon, starting out projects with full vigor and interest which abruptly die down leaving things unfinished.Our lack of discipline often results in inefficient, wasteful work system, violation of rules leading to more serious transgression and a casual work ethic leading to carelessness and lack of follow-through. The path to peace is always a sensitive topic to obtain. In life there are no shortcuts and so we must be conscious not to show our weakness in character when we mean business. I just hope in this modernize world by while walking on the road with the right determination and enduran ce that it eventually lead to the right path and that is the path to peace.There is no need for haste because peace does not come out automatically, after all people do have safety precautions labeled on each one of us that trust does not easily be gain but you work for it. As the saying goes â€Å"hastes makes wastes†. Filipinos do have strength in characters as well. One of that is the pakikipagkapwa-tao where Filipinos are open to others and fell one with others. We regard others with dignity, respect and deal with them as fellow human beings.It is manifested in a basic sense of justice, fairness and concern for others. It is demonstrated in the ability to empathize with others, helpfulness and generosity in times of need (pakikiramaray), in the practice of bayanihan and the famous Filipino hospitality. Throughout human history, mankind has seemingly always been able to solve problems. So there is a possibility that this dilemma can be surpassing despite the obstacles that awaits it.

Eve: Heroine of Paradise Lost Essay

Milton’s Eve in Paradise Lost is apparently the weakness of Adam and the tragedy of Eden; she was a mere reflection of him â€Å"whose image thou art (Milton, Book 4, Line 472)†; she is subject to Adam to whom she says â€Å"God is thy law, thou mine (Milton, Book 4, Line 637). † Lastly, Adam himself calls her â€Å"the inferior, in the mind and inward faculties(Milton, Book 8, Line 542). † This weakness becomes the strength to contradict the established order. Being a tenuous reflection allows for the willingness to change that evolutionary progress depends on. Her subjection to Adam, a creature with limitations, bestows on that servility the possibility of autonomy. Inferiority in mind, because it denotes a lack of a closed framework of thought, permits an openness that is characteristic of true wisdom. Adam’s Soul and the Catalyst of the Myth Eve was Adam’s soul by which he breathed his life to other humans, that part of him which made choices, the part of him which was not totally subject to God. She needed to face the serpent alone and choose between free will and absolute mandate. In this sense, she embodied the active content of the story. Eve brings about change, and the episode of the meal is a central example in the series of incidents where she is the principal actor (Gulden). † Without her, Adam would had been idling about Eden, lonely and without purpose forever. Eve’s Choice Was God’s Choice We know the consequences of her choice. But what would have happened if she had chosen blind obedience instead. Paradise would have never been lost, but everything else which followed the fall, all the great saints and heroes of mankind, the shining examples of virtue would never have lived. This, in itself, justifies Eve’s option for free will with all its consequences; it was in accordance with the divine plan that man should himself realize his own Divinity. The thinking human race as we know it today, struggling for and intensely aware of its dignity, would never have been. Price says that â€Å"we gradually learn that the hero of the poem is Eve†¦Milton sees that the human race could literally not have continued (or developed) without her(Price). Man would have been eternally happy and eternally without free will, divine and irresponsible and senseless. The Wisdom of Eve Eve’s acknowledged role in Paradise was to people it with beings on a higher level than the beast’s and the fowl. In an environment graced by the blissful predictability of mental subjugation to a benign dictator, the forbidden fruit represented the chance to gain the sense of responsibility and autonomy that man as a spiritual being craves. It is the lack of the divine order providing an adequate sense of identity and autonomy to Eve that precipitates both her and Adam to the fall (Mason). † Feeling this need inside her, knowing that she was Adam’s image and he was the image of God, she intuited that the fruit was not evil and was not meant so much as test of obedience but a challenge to make an individual’s choice and take responsibility for that choice. What we lost in Paradise was only given to us; what we hope to have after that we ourselves will have merited by our endurance and courage.

Reproductive Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Reproductive Rights - Essay Example Now, the government has seemingly decided that they have reached their limit of freedom—though many of us did not know there was such a thing. These days, as one group gains more rights, another group watches as theirs are eroded. At this time, it seems that women’s rights are under attack. For many years women have retained the right to make their own choices regarding their bodies. Should a woman find herself pregnant and, for whatever reason, not wish to remain so, she has had the right to have an abortion. Untold numbers of women were forced to endure sometimes difficult, sometimes life-threatening pregnancies and labors to deliver children they did not want. Sometimes these women were the victims of rape or incest, and yet they had to bear the child. The child itself would potentially be neglected, or given away to be brought up in a bad home. All this, before women were allowed the right to choose to not carry a fetus to term. These days, the Powers That Be have d ecided that they don’t want women to have abortions. Laws are being passed left and right that make it harder and harder for women to have an abortion, regardless of her reasoning.

A marketing strategy to promote Starbucks Case Study

A marketing strategy to promote Starbucks - Case Study Example (Wash, 2006) Perhaps Starbucks can set up small forums with presentations that could revolve around the idea of Starbucks adhering to cleanliness, hygiene, high quality, special discount offers and discussing the advantages of coffee over tea. Starbucks should also point out the benefits of having their coffee as compared to the other coffee makers, i.e. their competitors. As they say, "seeing is believing"; the discussion could therefore be more visual rather than textual displaying images of how Starbucks prepares its products as well as demonstrating coffee as the more healthier beverage than other beverages like sodas, sugar drinks, tea, etc. This should signify that Starbucks cares for its customers so that healthy beverages of high quality are delivered to them. Billboards or banners are other ways of capturing the population. Eye catchy displays and slogans relating to the differentiated taste of Starbucks that would evoke the mouth-watering sensation in people should be given much emphasis on. Answer 6) A marketing strategy to promote Starbucks can be that of having free trials of different products in smaller cities. There maybe a number of barriers faced. First, because tea has been a part of the Chinese culture and heritage for a long period, there might be some resistance to switching to coffee. Secondly, people may be reluctant to try out a new product. Thirdly, the issue of coffee being more expensive may crop up. However, the unique taste of Starbucks once known to people will most definitely never be forgotten. The idea is to introduce the masses to their variety of products that Starbucks sells. This way their strategy would be successful. Answer 7) India is one of the fastest growing third world countries. Taking a look into its demographics, one could tell that incomes in the middle class have risen greatly during this period (Kaur & Tayal, 2007). Coffee being a more expensive beverage, this increase in income has led to an increase in

Other then the obvious( washington,adams,franklin,jefferson) which Essay

Other then the obvious( washington,adams,franklin,jefferson) which american political or military leader do you think had the mo - Essay Example Through the legislation that he introduced and his impassioned rhetorical style, he helped encourage Americans to rise up against the British and take their destiny into their own hands. No one can doubt that he made a major difference in America's quest for independence. Henry was born and raised in Virginia and served in the Virginian legislature, alongside many famous men of the era (Beeman, 12). He was deeply interested in states' rights, and opposed the idea of being ruled by a distant king in a foreign land. The mood in the American colonies was changing during Henry's years of service and he captured that mood powerfully in his public speeches. He often came within a whisker of making statements that were treasonous to the British king. Nevertheless, he stood by his viewpoints. In one of his first acts after being elected in Virginia he introduced a response to the Stamp Act. His actions were widely seen as being one of the first and most radical steps against British rule in the colonies. It effectively said that Americans could not be taxed by London without representation in London. It was the speech he gave at this time which Thomas Jefferson once said surpassed anything else he had ever heard in his life (Jewett). During this time, and in the years following it and leading up to the Revolution, Henry's rhetoric was noted as inspiring many people.