Reality Television: Good or Bad Essay

Most teens perceive reality television programs in different views and for different reason. Teens even have different reactions to viewing these reality television programs whether it is a negative reaction or positive reaction. Parents never consciously think of how the impact on these programs or what their teen is really watching until they become involved. Some parents view these programs and think they are too influential and ban the programs from the home (the strict parent). Other parents indulge with their teen’s life and want to know what they are watching to relate and provide guidance to them. Is it possible to be either parent or both? It is easy to point the finger and believe that someone is taking your teen away with false envisions. While reality television can provide false envisions, parents should be involved in watching reality television programs with their teens because it provides them entertainment, teens will subconsciously hear their parents guidance while watching these programs, and it allows them to make a sound judgment on their own character. Why do teens really watch reality television programs? Popular reality television programs such as Bad Girls Club, American Idol, Love Games, America’s Top Model, and the list could go on, have one thing in common they provide entertainment for teens and pre-teens. These reality programs provide an entertaining way for these teens to share their views in school, and it is part of their social lives at some degree. The teens are able to connect with their friends and discuss these programs either to laugh at their ridiculous morals on the show, their likes and dislikes, or even whom they feel they relate more to. It is a form of connectedness to these teens. Connectedness is defined as the â€Å"level of intensity of the relationship(s) that a viewer develops with the characters and contextual settings of a program in the para-social television environment;† the higher the connectedness, the more involved the viewer is with the program and characters (Russell et al., 2004). (â€Å"The Appeal of Reality Television For Teen a nd Pre-Teen Audiences,† 2011) Teens find themselves relating and having a social-life in school, on social websites such as Facebook and Twitter, and they are able to communicate via text or phone conversations. Of course the parents are not happy with some of the programs but it is nice to know what our teens are watching so that we can be in tune with how are teens are developing. With the continued popularity of reality television among young viewers, it is vital to identify pre-teen and teen audiences who not only watch a reality program but have a high level of connectedness to it. Connectedness extends beyond just viewing the program and involves further engagement—posting on social networking sites, for instance, or buying products placed on the show. (â€Å"The Appeal of Reality Television For Teen and Pre-Teen Audiences,† 2011) The punch-lines of these reality television programs provide an addicting and exciting rush full of tense drama and romance that teens thrive for. As parents, we watch these programs to see how the teen is relating to these programs, possibly to see if there is potential belief in what they see. Just like typical movies there is slight distortion to what is real. Even with reality television programs there is distortion to the time things that could take months or years to accomplish happens in about a week on these reality television programs. Reality television programs are set up to gear to the audience and if it means giving the audience what they want than they go to any means necessary to keep their ratings up. Two key factors keep our interest and entertain us. One factor, we watch the tense drama or suspense week after week to gain entertainment. Watching reality TV is like watching a traffic accident. The ordinary reality show is just glass shattered on the highway, fire trucks, stretchers, the Jaws of Life. Occasionally a show is so unbelievable it is like watching a car filled with children from the inner city going to a Fresh Air Fund camp slam a minivan full of widows and orphans on their way to play the slots in Atlantic City (Kitman, 2008). The other factor is humiliation, which is a key to reality television programming. People who are in these programs are real people who are trying to get their fame, even if it is for a season or day. They could care as much of the humiliating experience they are on national television (Kidman, 2008). With these factors in mind it is easy for teens to be entertained by these programs. In fact, adults watch these programs as entertainment as well. The issue is the extreme will the producers realize the stopping point? They will not, the viewers are the ammunition. A parent has the ability to watch these programs as a mentor with their teens, if not with him or her, behind the scenes, to stay up on what is going on to stay ahead of the times to relate to their teens. Parents most scary thought is watching their teens turn into young women and men. How can we still be the parent who is cool and still teach our teens? Being active, it is easy to fall into our everyday busy lives and not even see what can be prevented. Being active does not mean be that stalking mother or father but proactively know what is going on in your teen’s era or generation. Romantically themed Reality television programs can be a struggle when teens are seeing different perceptions on how love is being perceived. Studies show that teens who view these shows male or female it has a negative impact on the sexual desires of the teen. Whatever happened to the old way of being lifetime friends and falling in love? A romantically themed reality television program becomes one of those television programs that not only entertain but it entices the teen to sexual conversation and risk. The studies show that teen girls are more prone to have the connectedness and conversation with their friends, and the males are more pressured into having sex (Vandenbosch & Eggermont, 2011). Parents should take the time to view these programs, to at least get a summary of the topics in the programs to actively be involved in what their teen is instilling subconsciously. Sex can be a subject that we may not want to face with our teens, but it is happening daily. Showing the teen that these shows are a mere false pretense of a relationship and being open to this conversation will give the teen that opportunity to see the reality of it and still feel that they are in control. Having the awareness that the sexual communication in these television programs will be increased, parents can effectively have an intimate conversation to present to the teen there are risks involved and there is exaggeration in what they are viewing in the entertainment world of these programs. Studies show that the main reasons the teens watch these romantic themed reality television programs is to entertain or escape, habit, mood- regulating motives, peer connectedness, and peer conversation (Vandenbosch & Eggermont, 2011). Parents can use this knowledge to assist in relating to the teen and providing different outlets to steering them in different directions to keep the grounded and equipped with the knowledge needed. Entertainment is evident to allow teens to be ent ertained knowing the difference between real and exaggeration. In escape allow them to watch these with alone to capture their own view without influence. Allowing the individualism will create that moment of individuality after parent did his or her job. Habitual viewing of these shows their dedication to the show and how well they connected to the characters or moral. It shows they are anticipating on the results or ending. Mood regulating motives shows that if they had a long hard day the relief of some entertainment relieves them from that stress and can watch carelessly, a reality television program for a quick laugh or escape from the stress they encountered. Peer connectedness is where the teen can compare with their friends the results of the final thoughts of the episode they have viewed. We do that effortlessly during and after a show or program of any sort, even a movie. Conversation amongst teens can be intense depending on the show they viewed or watched. This could be anywhere from a sexual conversation to a little comparison in the fight that took place on a show. Teens watch reality television for a numerous reasons, but they are also smart enough to know right from wrong. Teens are equipped with wisdom and knowledge f rom their parents and will use and compare a lot of that information to make their own mistakes. Knowing this information the teen can make a sound decision and with process of elimination can actively be a popular teen and still pick out of these reality programs life lessons that will carry them in their future. Shows like Jerry Springer, Bad Girls Club, America’s Top Model, and American Idol are all reality shows with different messages to the public. Some of the messages are negative or positive. â€Å"Teens are naturally curious about other people’s lives and want to know how their own lives compare,† she says. And they often look to reality shows for answers. Young people also tend to watch shows with older characters to learn what it will be like when they get to that age, according to David Bickham, Ph.D., staff scientist at the Center on Media and Child Health at Children’s Hospital Boston (Is Reality TV Messing With Your Head?, 2012). Parents’ job is never finished, the thought that was my teen instilled with good moral? Have I done all I could to build my teens esteem and character? These questions and more are parent’s dreaded questions because they do not want to fail as parents. Reality these reality television programs are meant for entertainment and to give an idea of how life could be. The factor of exaggeration is considered by the teen. The biggest question is where is my teen’s mindset? Teens have a connection with these reality television programs not so much to mirror what they see but to communicate with others including the parent. The degree of influence these shows have might depend on how you feel about yourself, not just how you feel about the characters you see on TV. â€Å"If a teen is struggling with self-esteem issues, he might adopt some of these attention-getting behaviors to get recognition,† says Gottlieb. â€Å"If, however, you’re confident in yourself and have positive sources of attention, such as sports or theater or good friends, you’ ll probably see the Kardashians or The Situation as ridiculous, not role models (Is Reality TV Messing With Your Head?, 2012). What parents instill in the teen will determine the outlook of the teen ad how much the parent will have to work with their teen. Reality television programs can be entertaining and educational, and can open up new worlds for kids and teens, giving them a chance to travel the globe, learn about different cultures, and gain exposure to ideas they may never encounter in their own community (University of Michigan Health System, 2010). â€Å"Reality shows are not meant to inform or educate (like news), not produced in order to persuade or influence (like political advertisements), and do not necessarily or instinctively evoke negative feelings in subjects when used by researchers as a stimulus as media violence, pornography, or death metal lyrics do. Even though reality television can provide false envisions, parents being involved in watching reality television programs with their teens provides them entertainment, they will hear your guidance on what is being viewed, and it allows th em to make a sound judgment on their own character. When you actually think about all the reasons reality television programs are viewed they seem to all tie together. Reality television programs create that momentum for teens to be informed, entertained, and allowing them to create their own reality as an adult. Teen’s motives are not always as they seem. They may start off showing a negative response to the programs and then flip and show positive responses just to interacting with others and gaining that chance to be their own and make decisions. Enabling teens to watch the reality programs they are able to communicate what they viewed and have the social life. Teens are also able to view these reality programs with a critical eye to take the bitter with the sweet with every show to be their own judge. Finally just to have that great entertainment moment in a day is worth laughing, relating to, or even comparing to. Are you a parent finally realizing that teens are going to view these programs and make mistakes that are at times difficult to witness. Parents being involved with their teens although will be difficult will overcome the storm they will encounter but it will be worth the fight in the end. References Is Reality TV Messing With Your Head? (2012, Nov/Dec). Scholastic Choices, 28(3), 12-17, 6p. Kitman, M. (2009, May-August). How Reality Works†¦ New Leader, 92(3/4), 35-36. Schaefer, N., & Rosen, C. (2011, August). Myths and Reality TV†¦ Christianity Today, 55(8), 74. The Appeal of Reality Television for Teen and Pre-Teen Audiences. (2011, March). Journal of Advertising Research, 51(1), 288-297. University of Michigan Health System. (2010, August). Television and Children. Retrieved from http://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/tv.htm Vandenbosch, L., & Eggermont, S. (2011. October). Temptation Island, The Bachelor, Joe Millionaire : A Prospective Cohort Study on the Role of Romantically Themed Reality Television in Adolescents’ Sexual Development. Journal Of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 55(4), 563-580. doi:10. 1080/08838151.2011.620663

Big Two-Hearted River

What do we know about Ernest Hemingway’s story, â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River,† and what do different reviewers have to say about the story. Many of the reviewers felt that the story links the author, Ernest Hemingway to his main character, Nick Adams when the author uses words, such as â€Å"up† to associate a good mood and â€Å"down† to refer to feelings of depression. One can easily look into the depths of Ernest Hemingway’s writing and discover pieces of his own personality, both good and bad. What can we learn about Ernest Hemingway as we read about the fictional character; Nick Adams?(Gibbs, 1975) Robert Gibbs tells us that â€Å"He made him up. † â€Å"Big, Two-Hearted River† begins with a train dropping off Nick Adams near the wilderness of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. We can easily visualize Hemingway riding on the train on his way to the Upper Peninsula. What follows, we find is a straightforward narrative of one of his da ys camping alone near the river, thinking about Nick Adams. Must we rationalize that Hemingway, much like Nick Adams, spent many of his own days alone by the river? That is the impression that the story leaves.It is easy to imagine Hemingway sitting by the river in Michigan Why is Nick intrigued by the river, which he uses to provide food for himself and much more? I understood that he finds healing through the river. We are told in the story, â€Å"Big Two-Hearted Riverâ€Å" that â€Å"Much like Hemingway, himself, Nick Adams finds himself continually haunted with frightening flashbacks to his past suffering and grief. As he alludes to in other stories, Nick turns to fishing (especially fishing with grasshoppers) to release his mind from the terrible pressure of his life.As he makes coffee, for instance, he is reminded of his old fishing buddy and oil tycoon, Hopkins, who Hemingway suggests took his own life a few months before, after receiving a disturbing telegram, perhaps ab out his lover. Other disturbing flashbacks in â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River† include a tragic execution scene where the man waiting to be hanged loses control of his bladder. Throughout â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River,† as Nick constructs his tent, fishes in the nearby river and cooks his catch, Hemingway describes his mood in two ways-up and down.If he stands up or climbs up a hill (on his way to build his tent, for example), he is in good spirits; but if he sits down (as he thinks about Hopkins, his friend who committed suicide, for instance) or descends, his mood is falling. Thus Nick’s mood follows his actions-form follows content. We are able to gather much information from this book concerning the story, â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River,† as we learn about Hemingway’s own mood swings, from low extremes, to high. The author is able to display his own feelings in this story and perhaps he was able to obtain therapy from his own writing.With the descriptio n that Ernest Hemingway gives in his book, (Benson, 1975) Benson tells us that, â€Å"He made him up. † Maybe, Benson doesn’t think that there is any association between Hemingway and Nick Adams. Hemingway writes that â€Å"The train went up the track out of sight, around one of the hills of burnt timber. Nick sat down on the bundle of canvas and bedding the baggage man had pitched out of the door of the baggage car. There was no town, nothing but the rails and the burned-over country.The thirteen saloons that had line the one street of Seney had not left a trace. The foundations of the Mansion House hotel stuck up above the ground. The stone was chipped and split by the fire. It was all that was left of the town of Seney. Even the surface had been burned off the ground. † (Hemingway, 1924) Hemingway writes that â€Å"Nick looked at the burned over-stretch of hillside, where he had expected to find the scattered houses of the town and then walked down the railr oad tracks to the bridge over the river. The river was there.It swirled against the log spires of the bridge. Nick looked down the clear, brown water, colored from the pebbly bottom, and watched the trout keeping themselves steady in the current with wavering fins. As he watched them they changed their positions again by quick angles, only to hold steady in the fast water, again. Nick watched them a long time. † We can see the importance of the water, to Ernest Hemingway. He seems to associate water with day dreaming and is able to have flashbacks about a different time in the character’s life and possibly his own.On another very enlightening website, we are told more about the story, by Ernest Hemingway. (Svoboda, 1996) At least part of the subtext of â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River† unfamiliar to present readers but likely to have been known by at least some readers at the time the story was written–and almost certainly known to Hemingway from his years of s ummers in Northern Michigan–involves the history and legends of Seney, a logging town in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. Hemingway describes the burned-down town, surrounded by blackened timber. †We further ourselves in believing that Ernest Hemingway had personal strings attached to the town of Seney, and are more settled in the belief that Hemingway is speaking from his own experience about his own life. (Baker, 1959) â€Å"The implication is that Nick Adams had sometime earlier seen and had expected to return to an intact Seney, had once counted the thirteen saloons (an ominous number) and had perhaps stayed at the Mansion House Hotel. Now he seems to have returned after a recent fire to what seems more like a fought-over battlefield than a welcoming place of comfort.Civilization has disappeared with the train that has disappeared behind one of the â€Å"hills of burnt timber. † Nick sits. † This implication of earlier experience may well be appropri ate in the context of a piece of fiction in which, as Sheridan Baker first noted, Hemingway transplants a different river’s name to the prosaically named Fox, the actual stream which runs through Seney, eventually to join the Manistique and empty into Lake Michigan. We should not take that implication to represent a biographical truth about Hemingway, of course. Nor should we ignore Hemingway’s skill in creating a fictional world.† The summary tells us to not associate Hemingway’s own past life experiences with Nick Adam’s, but it would be hard not to. Hemingway is so descriptive about the geography of the town of Seney and the Upper Peninsula in Michigan, that it’s almost impossible not to associate Hemingway’s life with Nick Adam’s. (Baker, 1959) Baker says that Nick’s fishing â€Å"becomes something symbolic of larger endeavor†(153) What is the larger endeavor? We are told in Hemingway’s writing that Nick Adams awoke as his tent heated up in the morning. He was excited, but he knew he should have breakfast before he started fishing.He started the fire and put water on for coffee. Then, he went to collect grasshoppers in a jar for bait. He took only medium-sized ones. He went back to his camp and made buckwheat griddle cakes with apple butter. He packed one in his shirt pocket and ate two more. He also made onion sandwiches, which he put in his other pocket. Then, he looked through his fishing equipment. With all of his fishing equipment attached to him, he stepped into the river. The water was very cold. It is clear that Hemingway was on an endeavor to relive the events in his life that hurt him the most.We are able to get a better idea about what Hemingway is trying to express to us, about his own life in his story when he related words, places and times to his own personal life through Nick Adams. (Benson,) tells us that â€Å"In the lengthy passage that was Hemingway’s or iginal ending to â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River,† Nick Adams, having caught â€Å"one good trout† Hemingway was expressing his thoughts in the story â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River† as he clearly associated himself to the main character, Nick Adam’s, and just like Nick Adams, Ernest Hemingway caught â€Å"one good trout† which means that he accomplished one huge success.Svoboda, Frederick J. , 1996, Landscaping Real And Imagined: Big Two-Hearted River, Hemingway Review, University of Michigan, Volume 16, Number 1 Baker, Sheridan, Winter, 1959â€Å"Hemingway’s Two-Hearted River† Michigan Alumnus, Quarterly Review 65, 142-149, Report in Benson, 150-159 Gibb, Robert, 1975, â€Å"He Made Him Up† â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River as Doppleganger† Hemingway notes Report in Reynold’s, p. 254-259 Benson, Jackson J. , 1975, The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway: Critical Essays, Durham, NC, Duke UP, Hemingway, Ernest, 1924, The Big Hea rted River

Reflective Journal Essay

Before the main discussion of the reflective journal, the author would firstly like to identify that how the â€Å"organisational wellness† subject affected her. In the beginning, the author chose this subject due to the reqirement that she must choose six units of third-year level to complete her degreee. And she didn’t have any knowledge about this subject before she decided to choose it. When she attended the first lecture of â€Å"organisational wellness† , she only has abstract and vague concept of the unit learning objectives. After the ten weeks’ learning, she has clearer and better understanding of herself and she has known some important concepts which should be considered when addressing the wellbeing problem in the workplace. On the whole, the author will review the material that learned in this subject many times in the future. And the material that she learned in this subject may assist her to solve the relevant problems in her future working life. To achieve this goal, this reflective journal will concentrate on six topics that were covered in this unit. The author will present her understanding of these topics and how these topics can assist to address the wellbeing problems in the workplace. Moreover, the author will illustrate the reasons why these topics are memorable and helpful in the future. Farrell and Geist-Martin’s Wellness Model: The first topic which included in the reflective journal is quite positive to me. It helps me to know the fundamental framework of â€Å"Wellness Model†. And I had a clearer conception of â€Å"Organisational Wellness† after I attended week two’s lecture and read the relevant material about this topic. This is the first topic that covered in the reflective journal. And it is one of the important topic in this subject. It introduced the framework of wellness model and it montioned some concepts that would be covered in other topics. Farrell and Geist-Martin(2005) developed a model of working well. It includes two parts of identities which are organisational health ideologies and individual health ideologies. The figure below shows that Farrell and Geist-Maritin’s (2005) working well model. Figure 1: Model of Working Well The organisational health ideologies include the following four elements: 1) mission, vision, values, and goal statements that incorporate and communicate a working-well philosophy; (2) mechanisms that allow employees to provide feedback about the wellness program; (3) upper management to support the working-well philosophy; (4) a continuous system that allows employees to evaluate the financial, social, environmental, organisational and personal health of the wellness program. And the individual health identities involve four elements as well. It consists of psychological health, physical health, social health and spiritual health. The aim of the â€Å"Working Well Model† is to develop an efficient and accurate wellness program. And the organisations want to improve employees’ production and work efficiency through the â€Å"Working Well Model†. Moreover, as the figure above shows that organisational health ideologies should express their message and idea of wellness to the employees. And then, the employees would give some feedback to the organisations. For instance, employees’ view of wellness and health. The organisations can improve the wellness program according to the feedback of employees. Farrell and Geist-Martin(2005) claimed that the organisation need to know individual’s view of health and wellness and how they response to organisational health ideologies. If the organisation fail to negotiate with employees, the wellness model would not be successful. Therefore, it is important for the organisation to communicate with employees, otherwise they would not develop an efficient and accurate wellness program. However, the organisation’s view of health ideologies may different from the individual’s. For example, the health ideologies of Telstra focus on the economic and productivity goal. There were some news reported that some employees of Telstra can not afford the work stress and chose to end their lives in 2007. Cubby (2007) wrote that employees’ suicide were related to the extreme work stress in Telstra. According to the news, Greg Winn, Telstra’s chief operations officer said that â€Å"WE RUN an absolute dictatorship and that’s what’s going to drive this transformation and deliver results. † (Cubby, 2007) Furthermore, Greg Winn claim that the employees in Telstra must try any measures to persuade customers to accept the service that they offered. And Telstra were tracking employees’ productivity. If the employees don’t operate and satisfy the superior’s reqirement, they would be fired from Telstra. As such a workplace environment with extreme pressure to meet Telstra’s goal and get profit, some employees committed suicide. Hence, the organisation should not only focus on the economic goal, but also should know emloyees’ view of health identities. If they just focus on the economic goal and ignore employee’s health, the productivity of employees would lower than normal level or even worse. Also they may lead to negative effects on employees. In a word, the â€Å"Model of Working Welll† is important to the organisations and individuals. After I learned this topic, I realized that we should consider both perspectives of health ideologies. If the organisation or individual just consider their own benefit but ignore another party’s perspective, the wellness program would not efficient. Moreover, I consider I will apply these concepts to evaluate my health level in the future. If the organisation force me to fulfil an impossible target, I will speak up and do anything I can to protect my walfare and rights. In addition, when I work in a company, I need to consider the organisation’s perspective and my own perspective of health ideologies. It is important to think these two perspective of health ideologies instead of considering personal’s perspective only. Once the organisational’s perspective and personal perspective of health ideologies are quite different from each other, the two parties should communicate with each other to work out the problems. Thus, the â€Å"Model of Working Well† help me to develop an overview of â€Å"Organisational Wellness† and introduce some concepts which are useful to organisations to create a wellness program. And I knew the importance of thinking health ideologies by different angles. Physical Health Identities: This topic has been included in the reflective journal for reasons that helped me identify the symptoms of stress and gave me some idea to release my stress. Another reason for covering this topic in the reflective journal due to the great impact on my stress management and stress awareness. Also, it is the second topic which covered in the reflective journal. This topic is one of the most important and useful topic for me to cover. And the aterial of this topic is quite interesting. Furthermore, this topic can help me to aware the stress symptoms and stress level in the future. And it will allow me to manage my stress in a better method on the basis of stress symptoms and stress level. Before I knew that we should track our stressors for five weeks as an assessment of â€Å"Organisational Wellness†, I haven’t realized that this semester’s stressors have some impact on my study life. I took three compulsory units and one elective unit in this semester. And two of them are quite difficult. Though I knew in advance that this semester would be tough enough for me, I still think so positive and optimistic of these stressors. And I believe that I have got the ability to handle these challenges. Unfortunately, I overstated my ability to deal with the stressors. The stressors came too fast and I haven’t got enough time to deal with these challenges. Moreover, the stressors began to affect on my daily life and my physical health. When I started to record and track my stressors and the symptoms that raised by stress, I realized that the stressors have some impact on my physical health. During these five weeks, the major stressors included the class test, writing the assignment, overcommitted and difficulties with parents. Other stressors involves changing in sleeping habit, sense of overload in school, performing in front of a class, and lack of sleep. Moreover, there were a series of stress events which contained the relationship with friends became worse, family affairs, and the noncooperation among the group member when we planned to do the presentation. The class test and writing the assignment led to highly stressful in week 4. Because the class test was counted as part of my final result. And it was the first time that I took that kind of short answer test. The assignment was another major stressor in week 4 due to the degree of difficulty. I was so worry about that I couldn’t finish the assignment on time. In addition, other stressors led to moderately stress among these weeks. After few weeks, too many challenges were presented to me at the same time. And it beyond my capability to fulfil and operate these challenges. I began to feel the stress and the stress level became more and more higher. Thereafter, the symptoms of stress has appeared. They included powerlesness, depression, irritable, headaches, backaches, insomnia, anxiety, physical weakness and have sleeping difficulties. When I was tracking the stressors, I reviewed some materials which include lecture notes and reading on physical health identities. After I reviewed the materials of physical health identities, I found out that there was a similar pattern has appeared between the stressors and my physical health symptoms. In week 3’s reading from Halpern(2005), he mentioned that there was a relationship between physiology and job-related stress. And he also pointed out that the conflict between two aspects of one’s job would lead to job stress. For example, employees need to complete a hugh amount of work within a limited time and maintain the accuracy, or while other roles and responsibilities have conflict with job demands (Halpern, 2005). For me, the conflict between two aspects of one’s job may refer to my study life and my family affairs. Moreover, I believe that there were some conflict between my individual roles and responsibilities in these weeks. Because I have many assignments and tests to complete for my study and I also have some family affairs to resolve. There were some conflict between the roles. And I could not fulfil these tasks at one time. During the period of recording and tracking my stressors and stress symptoms, I tried some measures to release my stress. The methods included jogging, having a chat with close friends, watching funny movies, preparing the relevant materials that need to review and so on. These methods helped me to release some stress during these five weeks. Therefore, the physical health identities help us to realize the symptoms of the stress. And then we can try to manage our stress according to the symptoms of stress and stress level. If we know the extent of our stress, we can find out more suitable method to manage the stress. It will be useful in my future’s work life because there are more stressors in the workplace. Spiritual Health: The third topic has been included in this reflective journal is about â€Å"Spiritual Health†. I did not quite understand the real meaning of â€Å"Spiritual Health† before I read the weekly reading material and attended the tutorial. And I didn’t think about â€Å"Spiritual Health† so deeply before I attended the lecture. My understanding of â€Å"Spiritual Health† was only on a superficial dimension. Spiritual Health† is a quite abstract and difficult topic for me to understand. Because it can not be totally explained by words. In my own opinion, spirit is the thing that truely inside everyone’s heart. Mitroff and Denton(1999) stated that â€Å"spirit is the basic feeling of being connected with one’s complete self, others and the entire universe†. In other words, no one can force you to accept their point of view. Because everyone has his or her own value of the world, the society and other things. These values that people believe are shaped in people’s childhood. And the society that people stay would have an impact on personal value as well (Rokeach, 1973). Hence, once individual has formed his own value, it will be difficult to persuade him to change his value. When I was taking the tutorial of this topic, I began to think more deeply of my spiritual health. Especially, after I heard other classmates’ thoughts of the things that they experienced during the tutorial. Howell (2005) pointed out that spirituality is a continuous process to find its deeply meaning and purpose in our life. However, the problem that I faced on was I even didn’t realize the spirituality’s importance and I didn’t begin my process to find the meaning and purpose in my life. I grew up in a traditional family and my parents arranged all the things for me include the schools and the major I took in the university. Until now, I have entered into the second year of the course in the university, I still haven’t think about what kind of job would I take in the future. The one really inside me has not been discovered yet. I didn’t have got the things that I really want to do in the past few years. The truly me has not been concerned before I noticed the importance of spiritual health. Thus, I tried to dig out that who I really am. However, how to improve the current thought and understanding of spiritual health inside myself is an intractable problem. If you just simply object to others’ opinion, for example your parents, or escape from the current environment you live, that would not change anything. You just try to escape from the reality. The way of digging out your own spirit is to find out the things that you really want to do and the things that you worth to do. It is important to seek the meaning of our life. We don’t live for other people. We live for ourselves. If we couldn’t find out the things we want to do, the life would lose its meaning. And we might lose the purpose of living in this soceity. Everyone has his or her own value of their lives. It is difficult to evaluate whether other people’s spiritual world is happiness or not. One day, I was watching the news on TV and that news really impressed me. The content of the news was about some children in remote area need to tramp over mountains and through ravines to arrive at the school. The mountains that they need to climb are quite steep and dangerous. When the journalist asked them whether the study life like this is tough, most of them thought it was normal in their daily life. Though the road to the school was tough, they still feel happy because they can study lots of knowledge in the school. I was really impressed by these children’s words. They enjoy the things that they were doing and they think the things were worth to do, though that seems very tough to others. They satisfy with their daily life and feel very happy. But when we think about ourselves, we always complain the society and the daily life. Our lives are inundated with dissatisfaction. Maybe this is due to people who live in a better environment have gain too much and they still desire for more things. Based on this understanding, I decided that I need to work hard in the future and try my best to help the children in China who are in remote area. If I have the qualification to teach these children, I would volunteer to help them. It is a long and difficult process to dig out my own sense of spirituality but I’m trying my best to do it. Overall, the spiritual health is a very difficult topic to understand. Both organisational and personal spirituality are important to us. Though I didn’t metion the organisation’s spirituality in the discussion above because I haven’t got any experience of it. To an individual, if he know the meaning of his life and he has got the living purpose, he might live better in his life. Because he has the appetency to success in his life. For me, the spiritual health is important as well. And I’m trying to find out my own spirituality. Moreover, I have realized the importance of the spirituality in the workplace, and hope my better understanding of spirituality can help me to find a suitable job. And it may allow me to have a better performance in my future workplace.

Invasion of privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Invasion of privacy - Essay Example The article complained about the intrusion of the media into the private and domestic life and argued that gossip had become a trade, with the goal of generally informing people about other people`s intimate activities. Gradually, the courts began to recognize invasion of privacy. Today almost all the states of the U.S. recognize all four sub-torts as common law: intrusion (any form of intrusion into someone`s private space), appropriation of publicity rights (use of a person`s name, likeness or identity without consent), public disclosure of private facts and false light (publication of false, highly offensive information about an individual). We can look at this case study: Steve recently joined a church. Church doctrine required that members reveal any personal indiscretions to the leaders of the church. Steve disclosed some of his personal indiscretions to the leaders of the church. After his disclosures, these leaders informed Steve that they intended to tell other members of the church about his indiscretions because they thought the church leaders might help him overcome his problems. Steve was dismayed that this personal information might be disclosed. He told the church leaders about his intention to leave the church rather than have his problems disclosed. The church leaders informed him that their next step was to tell the members of the church, his neighbours, and his employer about his problems. In this case we can look at the sub-tort public disclosure of private facts , from the tort invasion of privacy. Steve`s personal indiscretions are true and they were consented, but they were disclosed to church members for spiritual purposes and not in order to be discussed with the other members. In no way can that information be considered newsworthy to any part of the public, and its disclosure to other church members who might help Steve overcome his problems is an entirely separate issue that

The Elephant Man Demands of Society in the play Essay

The Elephant Man Demands of Society in the play - Essay Example However, the name Elephant Man was mistakenly given as his sobriquet because many thought that he was afflicted with elephantiasis. Born in England in 1862, it became apparent that there was something wrong with him while he was still a toddler. It was during this early stage in his life that disfiguring tumors began to emerge on his face. It was Merrick's belief that his deformity was caused by his mother's having been frightened by an elephant. Even this notion was quite ludicrous for Victorian England, but Merrick stuck to this belief since he was unable to receive ample quality education. His mother died when Merrick was 10 and his stepmother, unable to cope with the child's growing deformity, convinced her husband to throw the boy into the streets. And so at a young age, Merrick had his first taste of human cruelty and became a street urchin. Merrick was peddling shoe polish by the time he was 12 years old. Still living on the streets, he was not only exposed to the elements but was also subject to regular taunting, bullying and even persecution. He afterwards became a ward of the state and was forced to work in a welfare sweatshop. Merrick's face and also his body were covered with lumpy growths and tumors. The tumors were also made up of hard bone. An attempt was made to cut away the excess growths but this ended in failure. Merrick's deformity grew through time. People stared and gaped at Merrick wherever he went. Thus, Merrick decided that if they have to look, they might as well pay for it and so he began his career as a sideshow freak (Kayser 1966). Merrick remained in the London Hospital until he died mysteriously of suffocation. In a way, he became a sport of pet monster for the upper-class Victorians. His presence took away their fear of the strange and unusual. The Nature of Joseph Merrick Merrick wrote a short autobiography wherein he stated that his experiences as a sideshow freak was not hurtful. He said that he was treated with the "greatest kindness." In contrast, he wrote, it was real life that proved to be hurtful (Daily Chronicle 1890). Although brutally exploited as a sideshow freak, Merrick showed his gentleness even among those who persecuted him. He was eventually able to read widely, learned the arts, visited beautiful places and entertained royalty. As Lady Geraldine Somerset described his gentle nature and circumstance, "such a gentle, kindly man, poor thing!" (Howell & Ford, 1980). Although his physical appearance elicited shudders from the public, his genuinely sterling character made him the perfect fairy tale monstrosity. Merrick was a very ill man and his condition worsened through time. The pain became more pronounced and crippling as the disease advanced. He would spend hours sitting and staring into emptiness, seemingly despondent as he tapped the fingers of his disfigured right hand on the arm of his chair or a pillow. Despite his despondent state, Merrick gave hope to his well-wishers reiterating that the world they live in is a good one. He also expressed his gratitude to those who called on him: "Tis true my form is something odd, But blaming me is blaming God; Could I create myself anew I would not fail in pleasing you. "If I could reach from pole to pole Or grasp the ocean with a span, I would be measured by the soul; The mind's the standard of the man." (Howard & Ford, 189) In the first verse, Merrick accepts his oddity. But he also does not cast any blame on

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Auditing - Essay Example The following are the five main areas of high audit risk that face Havelock Europa Plc. The Company is said to provide equal opportunities to all employees for growth, training and career development regardless of age, sex, ethnic background or religion. They also consider the disadvantaged in the society and give them opportunities where they fit. In case an employee is disabled on course of duty, the company makes reasonable adjustments to accommodate such a member of staff. However, this information cannot be proved. According to the financial statements issued, it is hard to establish whether employees are remunerated fairly. Consolidated accounts make it difficult to establish whether employees from various subsidiaries are compensated fairly. The total number of employees for both 2012 and 2011 are given as 649 and 731 respectively, but the exact month when the new employees joined is hard to establish (Havelock Europa Plc 2012, P. 63). It is not sensible to assume all the new employees joined at the beginning of the year. Wages and salaries for the whole year ar e given, but auditors will be unable to determine the numbers of hours worked overtime that is usually not fixed. There is also likelihood that some of the employees being compensated exist only in books, the auditors may be unable to meet all employees especially those who do not work in the parent company (Porter et al 2008, p. 90). The financial statements presented show the values of noncurrent assets and inventory for both years (2011 and 2012). Non- current assets are reported on their deemed cost because any other value can only be an estimation (Havelock Europa Plc 2012, p. 82). The cost of the asset is then adjusted for depreciation every year using a specified formula. The risk arises in that the formula is only estimation and the auditor cannot be certain about those values. The notes to the financial statements also reveal the expected lives of both the tangible and intangible assets

Review of ( Things Fall Apart) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review of ( Things Fall Apart) - Essay Example The missionaries affected this unity by drawing away the members of the society who were not perceived as being important by the Umuofia society. These men embraced the religion that taught them that they were as important as any other members of the society. Even though this change benefited the few who accepted the new religion, it also exposed the society to the possibility of being exploited by the missionaries. Okonkwo was richer than his father, Unoka, ever was. Okonkwo hated what he perceived to be weakness in his father. He probably felt that his father had not been able to acquire riches and standing in the community because of being weak or ‘feminine’. In Igbo society, the rich were feted but the poor were mostly disregarded and looked down upon. The poor had different false accusations put on them and it would appear that they were often the scapegoats of the community whenever unexplainable things took place. In the book, Okonkwo, who had â€Å"three wives, a barn full of yams, and two titles† was respected (Achebe, 18). However, his poor father was not even accorded a decent burial but carried to the forest to be eaten by wild animals. Culture is not usually static but dynamic. Do you agree? Where would you place the Igbo culture? In your opinion, do you think that traditional practices such as the killing of twins would have withered away over time without the intervention of Europeans? Analyze this with specific examples from the novel. Culture is always dynamic. The Igbo culture experienced its most challenging period with the coming of the White man. While the society’s respect of masculinity might give an impression of it being strong, it crumbled without the community members even staging a small war to chase away the missionaries. The Igbo community began a slow collapse because it had false foundations and actively destroyed the lives of all citizens who were not male and ruthless. It

Solitary Effects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Solitary Effects - Essay Example The Male Dominance Effect Introduction In Chapter 12 of The Second Sex entitled ‘The Woman in Love’, the author gives a description of how women love inside and outside marriage or, in essence, how they want to be loved by their partners. As argued by Cecile Sauvage: â€Å"When the woman loves, she must forget her own personality. This is a law of nature. A woman does not exist without a master. Without a master, she is a scattered bouquet† (De Beauvoir 683). This statement suggests that women in intimate relationships want to be dominated or, in essence, they are attracted to dominant men. This research paper will examine this prevailing idea that women are attracted to dominant men. More particularly, this paper will try to answer the following questions: (1) Do women prefer dominant men as husbands? (2) Do women prefer to be dominated by their male partners? In order to answer the abovementioned questions secondary literature will be reviewed, particularly empi rical studies related to the topic. Essentially, the objective of this paper is to determine whether women themselves prefer to be dominated by their male partner or that they simply do not have a choice. De Beauvoir (2012) herself investigates how women strengthen their own subordination to male dominance. According to her, mystics, women in love, and narcissists accept their existence by inundating their self with an outside object, such as God or a spouse. De Beauvoir cites examples of women being blameworthy for their inferior position relative to men, especially in relation to marriage. The complexity of cutting loose from ‘femininity’, or from giving up comfort and security for an unpromising concept of equality, encourages numerous women to embrace the traditional, unrewarding domestic tasks of motherhood and wifehood. From the start of her analysis, de Beauvoir outlines the economic forces of women inferiority, as well as the economic causes of female emancipati on. Women can gain independence only through work. If they can be self-sufficient, provide independently for their own needs, they can also attain a kind of liberation. In the final sections of his book, de Beauvoir talks about the structural barriers women confronts in trying to achieve this objective. Male Dominance: What it really means for women? Numerous social scientists have made a prediction that women’s inclination to prefer dominant men as partners will vanish once they gain higher social standing and economic autonomy; specifically, once self-sufficient women no longer have to get resources and status through their male partners, such female tendencies will become less widespread. However, this is not taking place (Townsend 150). Women with greater resources have a tendency to improve their socioeconomic status for partners. The more determined, single-minded, expressive, and education woman is, the more she wants to be respected by her male partner. For instance, when asked what they want for a male partner, most of the women interviewed admitted they prefer a man who is dominant, someone they could respect and look up to. When asked why they need such protection from a male partner, they were uncertain and stated it was simply an irrational want. These women said they knew they would have enough resources, and they do not hope a man would safeguard them from any actual threat. However, they admitted that having a male partner they really respected would give

Extream leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Extream leader - Essay Example Their main traits are their tenacity, positive attitude and humility. They welcome other people’s opinion and views. They are capable of turnaround strategy through sheer force of will, flexibility and desire to find the solution. McDonald’s, Apple, Citibank, Amazon etc. have extreme leaders at the helm. These companies not only have leadership position in the industry but their innovative ideas and subsequent high growth have made indelible mark in the corporate world. Leaders like, Ray Croc of McDonald’s, Steve Job of Apple, Charles Prince of Citibank and Jeffery Bezos of Amazon, have all been extraordinary in their vision which they had the guts to transform into success. They were all dynamic leaders who accepted challenges and saw opportunities in adversity. They relentlessly pursued and brought their company to the pinnacle of success despite adverse circumstances. Moreover, they were leaders who shared their vision with the workers and appreciated their input. Indeed, these traits are rare and therefore make them the most sought after leaders for companies who want to make a distinct place in the highly volatile

The History of Automobile Essay Example for Free

The History of Automobile Essay 1. The history of automobile The first working steam-powered vehicle was probably designed by Ferdinand Verbiest, a Flemish member of a Jesuit mission in China around 1672. It was a 65 cm-long scale-model toy for the Chinese Emperor, that was unable to carry a driver or a passenger. It is not known if Verbiests model was ever built. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is widely credited with building the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile in about 1769; he created a steam-powered tricycle. He also constructed two steam tractors for the French Army, one of which is preserved in the French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts. His inventions were however handicapped by problems with water supply and maintaining steam pressure. In 1801, Richard Trevithick built and demonstrated his Puffing Devil road locomotive, believed by many to be the first demonstration of a steam-powered road vehicle. It was unable to maintain sufficient steam pressure for long periods, and was of little practical use. In 1807 Nice phore Nie and his brother Claude probably created the worlds pce first internal combustion engine which they called a Pyre olophore, but they chose to install it in a boat on the river Saone in France. Coincidentally, in 1807 the Swiss inventor Franc Isaac de Rivaz designed his own de Rivaz internal combustion ois engine and used it to develop the worlds first vehicle, to be powered by such an engine. The Nie pces Pyre olophore was fuelled by a mixture of Lycopodium powder (dried Lycopodium moss), finely crushed coal dust and resin that were mixed with oil, whereas de Rivaz used a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. Neither design was very successful, as was the case with others, such as Samuel Brown, Samuel Morey, and Etienne Lenoir with his hippomobile, who each produced vehicles (usually adapted carriages or carts) powered by clumsy internal combustion engines. In November 1881, French inventor Gustave Trouve demonstrated a working three-wheeled automobile powered by electricity at the International Exposition of Electricity, Paris. Although several other German engineers (including Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach, and Siegfried Marcus) were working on the problem at about the same time, Karl Benz generally is acknowledged as the inventor of the modern automobile. An automobile powered by his own four-stroke cycle gasoline engine was built in Mannheim, Germany by Karl Benz in 1885, and granted a patent in January of the following year under the auspices of his major company, Benz Cie. , which was founded in 1883. It was an integral design, without the adaptation of other existing components, and included several new technological elements to create a new concept. He began to sell his production vehicles in 1888. In 1879, Benz was granted a patent for his first engine, which had been designed in 1878. Many of his other inventions made the use of the internal combustion engine feasible for powering a vehicle. His first Motorwagen was built in 1885, and he was awarded the patent for its invention as of his application on January 29, 1886. Benz began promotion of the vehicle on July 3, 1886, and about 25 Benz vehicles were sold between 1888 and 1893, when his first four-wheeler was introduced along with a model intended for affordability. They also were powered with four-stroke engines of his own design. Emile Roger of France, already producing Benz engines under license, now added the Benz automobile to his line of products. Because France was more open to the early automobiles, initially more were built and sold in France through Roger than Benz sold in Germany. Bertha Benz, the first long distance automobile driver in the world In August 1888 Bertha Benz, the wife of Karl Benz, undertook the first road trip by car, to prove the road-worthiness of her husbands invention. In 1896, Benz designed and patented the first internal-combustion flat engine, called boxermotor. During the last years of the nineteenth century, Benz was the largest automobile company in the world with 572 units produced in 1899 and, because of its size, Benz Cie. , became a joint-stock company. Daimler and Maybach founded Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG) in Cannstatt in 1890, and sold their first automobile in 1892 under the brand name, Daimler. It was a horse-drawn stagecoach built by another manufacturer, that they retrofitted with an engine of their design. By 1895 about 30 vehicles had been built by Daimler and Maybach, either at the Daimler works or in the Hotel Hermann, where they set up shop after disputes with their backers. Benz, Maybach and the Daimler team seem to have been unaware of each others early work. They never worked together; by the time of the merger of the two companies, Daimler and Maybach were no longer part of DMG. Daimler died in 1900 and later that year, Maybach designed an engine named Daimler-Mercedes, that was placed in a specially ordered model built to specifications set by Emil Jellinek. This was a production of a small number of vehicles for Jellinek to race and market in his country. Two years later, in 1902, a new model DMG automobile was produced and the model was named Mercedes after the Maybach engine which generated 35 hp. Maybach quit DMG shortly thereafter and opened a business of his own. Rights to the Daimler brand name were sold to other manufacturers. Karl Benz proposed co-operation between DMG and Benz Cie. when economic conditions began to deteriorate in Germany following the First World War, but the directors of DMG refused to consider it initially. Negotiations between the two companies resumed several years later when these conditions worsened and, in 1924 they signed an Agreement of Mutual Interest, valid until the year 2000. Both enterprises standardized design, production, purchasing, and sales and they advertised or marketed their automobile models jointly, although keeping their respective brands. On June 28, 1926, Benz Cie. and DMG finally merged as the Daimler-Benz company, baptizing all of its automobiles Mercedes Benz, as a brand honoring the most important model of the DMG automobiles, the Maybach design later referred to as the 1902 Mercedes-35 hp, along with the Benz name. Karl Benz remained a member of the board of directors of Daimler-Benz until his death in 1929, and at times, his two sons participated in the management of the company as well. In 1890, Emile Levassor and Armand Peugeot of France began producing vehicles with Daimler engines, and so laid the foundation of the automobile industry in France. The first design for an American automobile with a gasoline internal combustion engine was made in 1877 by George Selden of Rochester, New York. Selden applied for a patent for an automobile in 1879, but the patent application expired because the vehicle was never built. After a delay of sixteen years and a series of attachments to his application, on November 5, 1895, Selden was granted a United States patent (U. S. Patent 549,160) for a two-stroke automobile engine, which hindered, more than encouraged, development of automobiles in the United States. His patent was challenged by Henry Ford and others, and overturned in 1911. In 1893, the first running, gasoline-powered American car was built and road-tested by the Duryea brothers of Springfield, Massachusetts. The first public run of the Duryea Motor Wagon took place on September 21, 1893, on Taylor Street in Metro Center Springfield. To construct the Duryea Motor Wagon, the brothers had purchased a used horse-drawn buggy for $70 and then installed a 4 HP, single cylinder gasoline engine. The car had a friction transmission, spray carburetor, and low tension ignition. It was road-tested again on November 10, when the The Springfield Republican newspaper made the announcement. This particular car was put into storage in 1894 and stayed there until 1920 when it was rescued by Inglis M. Uppercu and presented to the United States National Museum. 2. Direction of automobile industry 2. 1Fuel technology As we all know, the earths resources are limited, so human beings develop fuel technology, let us make better use of these resources. There are many resources we can use, like Air engine, Battery-electric, Solar, Bioalcohol, Hydrogen and Hybrid vehicle. A hybrid vehicle uses multiple propulsion systems to provide motive power. The most common type of hybrid vehicle is the gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles, which use gasoline (petrol) and electric batteries for the energy used to power internal-combustion engines (ICEs) and electric motors. These motors are usually relatively small and would be considered underpowered by themselves, but they can provide a normal driving experience when used in combination during acceleration and other maneuvers that require greater power. The Toyota Prius first went on sale in Japan in 1997 and it is sold worldwide since 2000. By 2010 the Prius is sold in more than 70 countries and regions, with Japan and the United States as its largest markets. In May 2008, global cumulative Prius sales reached the 1 million units, and by September 2010, the Prius reached worldwide cumulative sales of 2 million units. The United States is the largest hybrid market in the world, with more than 2 million hybrid automobiles and SUVs sold through May 2011. The Prius is the top selling hybrid car in the U. S. with 1 million units sold by April 2011. The Honda Insight is a two-seater hatchback hybrid automobile manufactured by Honda. It was the first mass-produced hybrid automobile sold in the United States, introduced in 1999, and produced until 2006. Honda introduced the second-generation Insight in Japan in February 2009, and the new Insight went on sale in the U. S. on April 22, 2009. Honda also offers the Honda Civic Hybrid since 2002. Among others, the following are popular gasoline-electric hybrid models available in the market by 2009: Ford Escape Hybrid, Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid, Lexus RX 400h, Toyota Highlander Hybrid, Mercury Mariner Hybrid, Toyota Camry Hybrid, Saturn Vue Green Line, Lexus LS600hL, Mazda Tribute Hybrid, Nissan Altima Hybrid, Ford Fusion/Mercury Milan Hybrid, and Mercedes S400 BlueHybrid. Several major carmakers are currently developing plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Chinese battery manufacturer and automaker BYD Auto released the F3DM PHEV-68 (PHEV109km) hatchback to the Chinese fleet market on December 15, 2008. The 2011 Chevrolet Volt is the first mass produced PHEV launched in the United States, and it was introduced in November 2010. Other PHEVs undergoing field testing as of December 2010 include the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid, Ford Escape Plug-in Hybrid, Volvo V70 Plug-in Hybrid, and Suzuki Swift Plug-in. The Sinclair C5 pedal-assisted battery vehicle. The Elantra LPI Hybrid, launched in the South Korean domestic market in July 2009, is a hybrid vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine built to run on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a fuel. The Elantra PLI is a mild hybrid and the first hybrid to adopt advanced lithium polymer (Li–Poly) batteries. 2. 2 Driverless car A driverless car is a vehicle equipped with an autopilot system that is capable of driving from one point to another without guidance by a human operator. This is intended to produce several direct advantages: Avoiding crashes by eliminating driver error 2. Increasing roadway capacity by reducing the distances between cars and better managing traffic flow 3. Relieving vehicle occupants from driving and navigating chores, so allowing them to concentrate on other tasks or to rest during their journeys Indirect advantages are anticipated as well. Adoption of driverless cars could reduce the number of vehicles worldwide and eliminate the need for drivers licenses, rules of the road, traffic lights, traffic signs, highway patrols and vehicle insurances. The systems currently under development work by simulating human perception and decision-making during steering of a car via advanced computer software linked to a range of sensors such as cameras, radar and GPS. Current driverless passenger car programs include the 2 get there passenger vehicles from the Netherlands, the DARPA Grand Challenge from the USA, and Google driverless car.

Heart Failure Case Study

Heart Failure Case Study Sharon Heather Ferguson-Guy When it comes to Heart Failure the best form for a brighter future is to optimise the intervention with treatment goals that are vital for the patients’ health, well-being and gain a better chance of longevity. The benefits of obtaining a compatible medication treatment goal for the patient, is so to reduce the stress and anxiety for the patient, which in turn can minimise hospital admissions. Anyone that has other cardiovascular risks such as diabetes, smoking, excessive alcohol (with young adults; with excessive alcohol consumption, they may be susceptible to ‘holiday heart syndrome’ which it is also known as) (Sanders, et al. 2012, p.628) and elevated blood cholesterol levels. The following case study was given freely from a neighbour on his present health. I have changed his name to protect his confidentiality. Case study: Mr Lloyd is a 73 years old widower and has heart failure in the form of Atrial Fibrillation. He started to become breathless after riding his bike; that he did daily. He said that he also noticed excitable flutters in his chest, but did not take much notice as he thought it was because he had over exerted on an activity at his time of life and put it down to the aging process. He popped to his local General Practitioner with his experiences and was put on a low dose of Warfarin. After a couple of weeks he returned and told his General Practitioner that he was not feeling any better and did not feel right. His General Practitioner told him to continue his dosage for another week. Mr Lloyd enjoyed walking if he was not cycling, but, due to the weather he left the bike at home. While on his way he slipped on ice and banged his head on the pavement. He was taken to hospital for the rest of the day due to a possible concussion. At the point of leaving he complained he still had a headache. The doctor was not surprised as he had banged his head and prescribed pain relief and told him what to watch out for with head injuries (They were aware of his medication he was on at the time). After a week of pain relief he still did not feel right. His daughter took him to a different hospital. The doctor asked what medication he was on and told him that he was on still on the warfarin, they took him off it immediately, and replaced with a very low dose of aspirin. They immediately took him for a MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan that revealed that he had a haemorrhage on the brain; it had been there since the fall. History: There is not a family history of heart failure. Has not smoked for 50 years. Does not have any previous illnesses. Has never drank alcohol. Has worked away from home outdoors all of his working life until retirement. Admitted that his diet improved since his retirement, as with his previous job required him to be away from home quite a lot of the time and so his lifestyle then contained of hotels and bar meals. Has never been a big eater and portions were always small. Signs and symptoms: Feeling breathless on light activities, more so when cycling Feeling weak and more tired Dizzy after excursion Pale but not all the time. No sickness Heart beating too fast, rhythm was irregular No coughing Not confusion No weight gain as always active BP normal No depressive feelings or cognitive problems Tests done: Auscultated lungs for changes – non were found Blood test was taken Blood Pressure – high on his visit, but often fluctuated between normal and high Neck veins checked – no distension found ECG that read Atrial Fibrillation Electrocardiogram was performed for 24 hours No chest x-ray was performed Pitting oedema was slight at the end of the day Medication before fall: Warfarin – was later changed to Aspirin Salbutamol inhaler Furosemide (unable to remember dose) Cod liver oil 2 spoonful’s twice a day – home remedies (On further reading on drugs.com I was curious regarding his cod liver oil intake and the medication of warfarin he was taking that may interact due to it containing vitamin K, this reduces the effectiveness of the warfarin and flagged an air of caution) (drugs.com) Mr Lloyd still suffered tiredness and breathlessness. Medication after fall for 4 months: Aspirin Cod liver oil 2 capsules twice a day – home remedies Pravastatin 20mg – 1 daily (reduces the bad cholesterol) Salbutamol – when required Simvastatin 20mg – 1 daily (changed from pravastatin also reduces bad cholesterol) Spiro inhaler – when required (drugs.com) Mr Lloyd was told to weigh himself every morning as he got out of bed. This was so he could take part in his own progress on any weight gain or weight loss due to the change of medication and possible fluid retention. He noticed the frequency during the day and maybe once at night in going to urinate. With the changed medication Mr Lloyd still suffered tiredness and was breathlessness on light activities. After a review with a specialist his present medication treatment plan is: Apixaban 5mg – 1 x 2 daily (reduce the risk of stroke clots) Atorvastatin 10mg – 1 daily Cod liver oil 2 capsules daily home remedies (not spoonful’s anymore) Digoxin 125mcg – 1 daily (makes the heart beat stronger and a regular rhythm) Dutasteride 0.5mg – 1 daily (used with Tamsulosin, reduce risk of urinary blockage) Omerprazole 20mg – 1 daily (acid reflux) Spiro inhaler – when required Tamsulosin hydrochloride 400mcg m/r capsules 1 daily– muscle relaxant, ease flow of urine (drugs.com) This drug therapy is working well and clear from any adverse reactions and only visits the General Practitioner twice yearly. Blood pressure is stable at 110/75 bpm. His weight has not changed. Mr Lloyd still charts his input and output of fluids. With this, he is able to monitor and report to his now General Practitioner any noticeable differences, to which, there is not any. Current status: Even though Mr Lloyd had to endure some frustrating discomfort with tiredness and breathlessness from past medications, these just didn’t suit him, (It may have been a perfect combination for somebody else) and the time it had to take to get the correct treatment goals and drug therapy to his own body’s balance, Mr Lloyd is continuing his everyday activities without any problems of breathlessness or tiredness that have hugely decreased. He has decided with himself and with agreement from his General Practitioner that after about 17.00 he will start to slow down, and relaxes after food, and will potter in his garden instead of cycling. I have only ever known Mr Lloyd to cycle everywhere and all day. He tells me that he now enjoys seeing a television programme to the end instead of falling asleep half way through. His medication has slowed down his ventricular rate and that he will go for another review later on this year. Mr Lloyd said that he would not mind if the dose was lowered or none at all as he does not like to be reliant on medication. The specialist Doctor after reviewing Mr Lloyd advised him to attend a rehabilitation gym (sponsored by the British Heart Foundation) to monitor his exercise regime and to teach him how to keep fit in a healthy way for his age. They also educated him on a tasteful diet without the worry of blandness. He still goes to the gym, mainly because he has made many friends with similar conditions, and able to swap ideas. Mr Lloyd values the presence of the professional medical staff that are there for any health or heart concerns. Treating congestive heart failure with medication: To optimise the correct and suitable medication would be to find the patients correct balance. This will take a selection of medication over a period of time in order to reach the optimum goal of drug therapy. The reason for this is to make less strain on the heart by using the correct combination of drug and its correct dosage. We must try and increase the cardiac output so the blood can pump more blood every minute. This will in turn improve the pumping action of the heart and reduce the hearts workload. So medication or a medical intervention may be suggested, the severity or damage would be taken into consideration. If there is a valve problem, it may be fixed with a repair or a replacement. If a more invasive form of fixing is needed, surgical implants may be required. This may be a pacemaker. This is a ventricular assisted device that contains a pulse generator with one, two or three electrode leads that give off electrical impulses to and from the heart (British Heart Foundati on 2014, p.13)(Cleland 2006, pp.72-44). A more severe case may include a heart transplant which includes a recently deceased donor that is a match for the recipient. There are risks involved like any other surgery, but a heart transplant may be rejected due to rejection, infection or the new heart does not work properly. (Cleland 2006, pp.79-80) We need to take the effort off the workload on the heart by decreasing the fluid overload and reduce the blood pressure, so medication to reduce the heart rate and increase vasodilation (widen the blood vessels, by relaxing the smooth muscle cells). Diuretics would be one solution that would help with the fluid overload. This will increase the urine output and so in turn decreases the fluid overload. Different diuretics such as thiazide and loop diuretics that will cause a general loss of sodium and water from the body but also other electrolytes (minerals in the blood). This must be monitored for hypokalaemia (low potassium) because of sodium and water loss, potassium can be lost from the body in large quantities. (Cleland 2006, pp.54-63)(Class notes 2014/15) Another diuretic is a potassium sparing diuretic, it is an aldosterone antagonist (blocks the sodium retention effects of aldosterone in the kidney). This may cause a reverse problem, the potassium sparing diuretic can cause the body to retain too much potassium, so the patient must be monitored for hyperkalaemia (high potassium). An imbalance of hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia in the body will be a risk of the electrical problems in the heart. By using diuretics the patient will be monitored for hypotension (low blood pressure) this is due to the fluid retention and the reduction of blood pressure medication. You must also monitor serum creatinine (waste product in the blood that comes from muscle activity and kidney function indicator). If the levels of this get too high, it will be an indication that the kidneys are having problems. (Class notes 2014/15)(Cleland 2006, pp.59-63) Other medications that will be help congested heart failure is to now focus on the blood vessels, the aim is to stimulate the function of the vasodilation that will rest the heart by slowing it down. The most used medication is called an ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin-converting enzyme) (Cleland 2006, pp.53-56) this will block the enzyme that forms angiotensin II also known as ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) (Cleland 2006, pp.56-57) this causes the vasoconstriction to raise the blood pressure. The ACE inhibitor will interrupt the cycle of angiotensin II, this will then decrease the blood pressure. The increase of vasodilation with the ACE inhibitors and vasodilation will lower the blood pressure and so helps to reduce the workload on the heart. There will be a drop in aldosterone (is a corticosteroid hormone that stimulates absorption of sodium by the kidneys) levels causing a decrease in fluid overload. A medication called ARBS (Angiotensin Receptor Blockers) reduce the activity of the angiotensin II in the blood. You would prescribe this if the patient is not able to tolerate an ACE inhibitor. (Class notes)(Cleland 2006, pp.56) Beta blockers block the binding of norepinephrine (neurotransmitter) to the beta receptors on the heart, this will cause a decrease in the heart rate. Which in turn will decrease the blood pressure and the workload of the heart. With such an amount of medication, it is advisable to monitor the patient for hypotension. (Class notes 2014/15)(Cleland 2006, pp.57-59) References: Bibliography British Heart Foundation (2014) Pacemakers. Chronic heart failure | introduction | Guidance and guidelines (no date) Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg108/chapter/introduction (Accessed: 13 May 2015) Cleland, J. (2006) Understanding heart failure. London: Family Doctor Publications in association with the British Medical Association Prescription Drug Information, Interactions Side Effects (no date) Available at: http://www.drugs.com (Accessed: 14 May 2015) Sanders, M. J., Lewis, L. M., Quick, G. and McKenna, K. D. (2012) Mosby’s Paramedic Textbook [With DVD]. 4th edn. United States: Elsevier/Mosby Jems Citation (Chronic heart failure | introduction | Guidance and guidelines, no date) (Prescription Drug Information, Interactions Side Effects, no date) (Sanders et al., 2012, p. 628) (British Heart Foundation, 2014, p. 13) (Cleland, 2006, p. 56) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 57 – 59) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 57 – 59) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 56 – 57) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 53 – 56) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 59 – 63) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 54 – 63) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 79 – 80) (Cleland, 2006, pp. 72 – 74) Case study given freely by my neighbour. Font used – Calibri light. Size 11. Size 9 for references My draft copy was kindly read and checked by: The Clinical Manager and three different Clinical Supervisors at Yorkshire Ambulance Service.

Rupert Brooke and Wilfred Owen Essay -- English Literature

Rupert Brooke and Wilfred Owen Since the threat of war in some part of the world everyday and because of the colossal impact that it has had on our lives, it doesn't seem surprising that it is a popular theme of poetry. Sonnets are an extremely passionate form of poetry, used to show how the poet feels in their heart; both Rupert Brooke and Wilfred Owen create this passion in excellent, but very different ways. "Anthem for Doomed Youth" by Wilfred Owen is a Shakespearean sonnet reflecting on the callous life at war. Owen wrote this poem during his four months at Craiglockhart, a war hospital, whilst recovering from trench fever. Faced with many fatally injured men, this must have inspired him to write a great deal. Unlike Brooke's poem "The Soldier", Owen portrays, not a glorified or heroic war, but a realistic war. Rupert Brooke, having not witnessed war, had attitudes showing the hysteria of war in 1914 projected to him, and knowing no different he had to believe it. The title "Anthem for Doomed Youth" has a huge sense of deliberate irony, stressing how brainless war appears to Owen. To Brooke on the other hand, war is far from pointless; it is something one does to receive admiration from their nation. Our first thought of an "Anthem" is a song of pride, love, passion and honor, but when such a word is followed by "doom", it takes away the glee and puts a feeling of misery, implying an inevitable death, in replacement. "Youth" also used in the title adds to the horror, as these are men with their whole lives in front of them. Full of solemn comparisons, it is a poem about the traditional funeral being substituted by the one that war has created. Owen writes" What passing-bells for these who die a... ...cally, ahead of his time, that war is not, by any means, right. However there is genuine optimism in Brooke's poem, to him, it was an honour to fight for his country; it was an honour to die for your country. Out of both of these sonnets my favorite has to be "Anthem for Doomed Youth" by Wilfred Owen. I like the way that he includes the reader in the sonnet from the very start. I also can relate to Owen's poem and I find it more thought provoking as I can't even begin to be in agreement to Brooke's reasoning behind "The Soldier", but this does shows me the attitude cultivated from the home front. With both of these sonnets, being so different, it brings me to a thorough understanding of both backgrounds and attitudes. The contrast between Owen and Brooke allows the reader to see the reality of the First World War from two totally different perspectives. Rupert Brooke and Wilfred Owen Essay -- English Literature Rupert Brooke and Wilfred Owen Since the threat of war in some part of the world everyday and because of the colossal impact that it has had on our lives, it doesn't seem surprising that it is a popular theme of poetry. Sonnets are an extremely passionate form of poetry, used to show how the poet feels in their heart; both Rupert Brooke and Wilfred Owen create this passion in excellent, but very different ways. "Anthem for Doomed Youth" by Wilfred Owen is a Shakespearean sonnet reflecting on the callous life at war. Owen wrote this poem during his four months at Craiglockhart, a war hospital, whilst recovering from trench fever. Faced with many fatally injured men, this must have inspired him to write a great deal. Unlike Brooke's poem "The Soldier", Owen portrays, not a glorified or heroic war, but a realistic war. Rupert Brooke, having not witnessed war, had attitudes showing the hysteria of war in 1914 projected to him, and knowing no different he had to believe it. The title "Anthem for Doomed Youth" has a huge sense of deliberate irony, stressing how brainless war appears to Owen. To Brooke on the other hand, war is far from pointless; it is something one does to receive admiration from their nation. Our first thought of an "Anthem" is a song of pride, love, passion and honor, but when such a word is followed by "doom", it takes away the glee and puts a feeling of misery, implying an inevitable death, in replacement. "Youth" also used in the title adds to the horror, as these are men with their whole lives in front of them. Full of solemn comparisons, it is a poem about the traditional funeral being substituted by the one that war has created. Owen writes" What passing-bells for these who die a... ...cally, ahead of his time, that war is not, by any means, right. However there is genuine optimism in Brooke's poem, to him, it was an honour to fight for his country; it was an honour to die for your country. Out of both of these sonnets my favorite has to be "Anthem for Doomed Youth" by Wilfred Owen. I like the way that he includes the reader in the sonnet from the very start. I also can relate to Owen's poem and I find it more thought provoking as I can't even begin to be in agreement to Brooke's reasoning behind "The Soldier", but this does shows me the attitude cultivated from the home front. With both of these sonnets, being so different, it brings me to a thorough understanding of both backgrounds and attitudes. The contrast between Owen and Brooke allows the reader to see the reality of the First World War from two totally different perspectives.

Twinkies :: Sociology, Chinese Americans

Traditionally, Twinkies are usually thought of as cream-filled yellow sponge cakes. To Chinese Americans, a different image is conjured. When Chinese Americans integrate with the American culture so much that their Chinese culture is much less apparent, they are known as â€Å"Twinkies†: yellow on the outside and white on the inside. In Amy Tan’s essay â€Å"Mother Tongue† and Elizabeth Wong’s essay â€Å"The Struggle to be an All-American Girl†, both girls are Chinese American trying to fit in with the American society while their Chinese mother’s are very traditional at home. Tan and Wong are trying to please their image in America and their mothers at the same time. While these essays are similar because they focus on the native languages used in America and the struggles of being a Chinese American in America, they differ in both their attitudes toward their mothers and personal reflections of being Chinese American. An individual’s background is where one comes from and how he or she is raised. Tan is Chinese American. She has a traditional Chinese mother who speaks â€Å"broken† English. Tan states that, â€Å"It has always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than ‘broken’, as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed[. . .]† (Tan 43). Tan is an American school girl. As Tan listens to her mother use that type of dialect, it causes her perception of her mother to be distraught. Tan believed it â€Å"[. . .] reflected the quality of what [her mother] had to say† (Tan 43). For instance, department store clerks, bank employees and restaurant workers will ignore her mother when they can not understand her. Tan is a writer who loves the use of language. She says, â€Å"Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them all-all the Englishes I grew up with† (Tan 41). She is able to adapt her dialect to her audience. With her mothe r, she uses â€Å"broken† English; with her colleagues, she uses correct English grammar. Similarly, Wong also grew up in America with a traditional Chinese mother. In contrast, Wong’s upbringing involves her mother forcing her into attending two different schools. After her American school day, Wong continues on with Chinese school to learn both cultures. Her mother felt it was her duty to â€Å"[. . .] learn the language of [her] heritage† (Wong 144). This puts a burden on Wong as she starts to despise the Chinese culture.

social research Essay -- essays research papers

Social Research Methods  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sahar Thariani Paper II   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Section 01 Introduction and Data Source   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attending college is slowly changing from what was once considered a rare opportunity to a staple part of what constitutes an education today. As the number of colleges has also inflated, and means of attending college expanded, such as Internet based universities, the number of people attaining a higher-level education has also increased. This paper attempts to test and analyze fifty American states and conclude upon factors within states that may give an individual a better chance of being college educated. The three variables being tested in this research include median household income, race and Internet access. In order to do this, statistical data had to be gathered for all the states, these fifty being my unit of analysis. To ensure accurate results, the statistical data had to be collected from a reliable source. The numbers used as indicators of educational achievement and households with Internet access were obtained from the official website of the U.S Census Bureau. A governmental institution, well known for its detailed statistics on every state, provided a set of figures that would be most reliable. Data for median household income for each state and population distribution by gender was acquired by an organization referenced by Professor Hansell, an acclaimed sociologist. â€Å"State Health Facts online† supplied by the well-reputed Kaiser family Organization is a resource that contains the latest state-level data on demographics, health, and health policy. The website also has a section of raw data through which one may verify the statistics. Hypothesis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The aim of this study is to find issues within states that result in higher education levels, that is, factors that education is dependant upon. This makes education the dependant variable in this study. Higher education is usually expe... ...ome, again leading to higher Internet access, and one can envision a highly possible cycle. I feel that in the future it would be important to research the role of race in this cycle, and also find ways to prevent higher income states from going ahead while being in this cycle, and low income states from being denied a high education. International studies might be able to make a global understanding of the role earnings play towards getting an education. References Babbie, Earl (2001). The Practice of Social Research, 9th Edition. Belmont: Wadsworth United States Census Bureau (2002). â€Å"Education.† Statistical Abstract of the United States. Fact Sheet: [Online at http://www.census.gov]. United States Census Bureau (2002). â€Å"Information and Communications.† Statistical Abstract of the United States. Fact Sheet: [Online at http://www.census.gov]. Kaiser Family Foundation's State Health Facts Online, State Data 2000-2001 (U.S.2001). â€Å"Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity.† [Online at http://statehealthfacts.kff.org]. Kaiser Family Foundation's State Health Facts Online, State Data 2000-2001 (U.S.2001). â€Å"Median Family Income† [Online at http://statehealthfacts.kff.org].

Ryanair Pestel

Complete a PEST(EL) analysis as preparation for a scenario planning exercise next week. POLITICAL: †¢Due to severe security measures, they had to cancel 279 flights and refunded 2. 7mâ‚ ¬. A loss of 1. 9mâ‚ ¬ in reduced bookings †¢Aer Lingus was fundamentally opposed to a merger with Ryanair, even if it raises its price †¢12. 6 % of the shareholding controlled by Aer Lingus, whose members rejected the offer by a 97% majority vote †¢Opposed to the BAA airport monopoly plans to build a 4bn gold plated Taj Mahal at Stansted SOCIAL: †¢Europe’s leading budget airline August 2006, Air Transport World magazine- most profitable airline in the world †¢72% negative response from a poll of readers of the Financial Times for one of its initiatives †¢In 2006, its employees count by more than 700, to 3. 500 people, comprising over 25 different nationalities †¢In 2006, it was voted the world’s least favourite airline because of the unfrien dly staff, delays and poor legroom †¢The airline formerly refused to provide accommodation or meal vouchers when flights were cancelled or delayed, until it became illegal to do so in 2005ENVIRONMENTAL: †¢Deploying more efficient aircraft that use less fuel and produce less pollution †¢Concerns about greenhouse gases from carbon emissions †¢Replace its fleet of old aircraft with new, more environmentally-friendly aircraft, reducing the average age of its fleet to 2. 4 years †¢New aircraft produced 50% less emissions, 45% less fuel burn and 45% lower noise emissions per sea ECONOMIC: Its average paid was 49612â‚ ¬, a higher figure than any other major European airline †¢August 2006, Air Transport World magazine- most profitable airline in the world †¢Cost-cutting/yield-enhancing measures for passenger check-in and luggage handling could save more than 1â‚ ¬ per passenger †¢Web based check-in and priority boarding, save costs on check-in s taff and airport facilities, as well as time †¢By tailoring rosters, they maximised productivity and time off for crew membersTECHNOLOGICAL: †¢Web based check-in and priority boarding †¢Fleet of over 100 new Boeing 737-800 aircraft and firm orders for a further 138 new aircraft to be delivered over the next six years †¢Stronger passenger safety: body searched, banned from carrying liquids and gels in their carry-on luggage LEGAL: †¢Complying with EU regulations which impose a ceiling on pilot flying hours to prevent dangerous fatigue †¢In litigation with various airport over landing charges Accused it of misleading passengers on its website by exaggerating the prices of its competitors in making comparisons †¢Following flight cancellations due to increase in security measures, they decided to file two legal cases against UK government †¢In 2005, new legislation that offered compensation cost to passengers affected by delays, cancellations or d enied boarding

The Effects of Classical Music on Individual

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research paper is made possible through the help and support from everyone, including: parents, teachers, family, friends, and in essence, all sentient beings. Especially, please allow me to dedicate my acknowledgment of gratitude toward the following significant advisors and contributors: First and foremost, I would like to thank Kamal Vai who is the lead guitarist of the band Aurthohin and one of the most renowned musician of our country for his support and encouragement. He gave me numerous  valuable information and admiration to my research.And my course instructor for giving me guidelines and supports through the research. Secondly, I would like to thank my friends Zahid Neloy, Nahid Islam and Nahian Mahmud Alvi to read my thesis and to provide valuable advice, a brother Jefry to reproof the paper, as well as all the other people who have taught me a lot about classical music. Finally, I sincerely thank to my parents, family, and friends, who provide the advice and financial support. The product of this research paper would not be possible without all of them. ABSTRACT Music has immense influence on people.  Control Key and Word – Text and Graphics.Almost in every culture they have their own traditional music and anthem. It is actually another way of expressing ideas and emotions. Classical music is the root of all music and still practiced by a number of musicians. For my primary research I surveyed general people where I tried to cover all groups of age for their opinions about classical music. How different feelings generate through this music and what do they think of this music. What I found is that so many other genres took the position of classical music and its popularity is on decrease.But still there are groups of people who are well aware of its contribution to music and influence on people and tradition. It is still a great source of entertainment and used widely in background music on TV programs and movies. It is used in restaurants, family parties and clubs. It has effect on peoples mind and many research and studies have done if it can be used in betterment of humanity. It is indeed different from other genres and people have respect and feeling about this music. Comfort is what come to most of the peoples mind when listening to it.TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Background 3. Research Questions 4. Hypothesis 5. Methodology 6. Data Presentation and Analysis 7. Summery and Findings 8. Conclusion INTRODUCTION â€Å"If I were not a physicist, I would probably be a musician. I often think in music. I live my daydreams in music. I see my life in terms of music. † ?  Albert Einstein Can you find any people who doesn't listen to music at least in some extent? At present days it is really hard. People's feelings and emotions are connected to music.And when talking about classical music it goes back centuries. There are lot to know about music and its development. And when it come s to development of music, classical music cannot be avoided. Because it is the root of all music. It is as much interesting as it seems at first glance. There is lot to know about music and how it evolved to modern day music. I found many astonishing information about classical music which people would yearn to know. Before starting I want to mention the name of Mozart . He is one of the most prominent musician all time.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart(27 January 1756  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 5 December 1791)  born in Germany, was a prolific and influential composer of the  Classical era. He composed over 600  works, many acknowledged as pinnacles of  symphonic,  concertante,  chamber,  operatic, and  choral  music. He is among the most enduringly popular of  classical  composers. Classical music is one of the most influential musical genres in the music industry. Many writings, speeches, poets have been written to it. Many people find it useful to listen to this music. Comfort is what comes to their minds while listening to it.Different music is for different situation. People choose it to be heard in calm environment. They recommend classical music in restaurants, clubs and family parties. The effects of classical music can vary from person to person. There is a term called â€Å"The Mozart Effect† which refers to effects on the pregnant woman and the newborn baby. Classical music improves cognitive ability which has positive impact on both young and old. However, it is commonly agreed that music has a profound effect on mood, spatial intelligence, memory and language.This is why in the west it is used as background music in some schools. BACKGROUND Studies suggest that listening to classical music decreases tension and improves mood (Rea et al. , 2010). Research also indicates that playing music enhances specific aspects of intelligence such as verbal ability and spatial-temporal reasoning, though it does not increase general intelligence. Classical Music and Linguistic Abilities A number of research studies have supported the fact that classical music can have a positive effect on linguistic abilities.One study found that those who listened to Vivaldi while exercising increased their scores on verbal fluency tests after their workouts compared to those who exercised without music (Ohio State University, 2004). Another study of 90 boys in Hong Kong between the ages of 6 and 15 found that those who learned to play music with their school’s string orchestra program scored higher on tests of verbal memory than a control group that did not receive musical training. The boys in the music group were also able to learn more new words than those in the control group (Yim-Chi Ho et al. 2003). The Mozart Effect The Mozart effect has been the subject of much research in recent years, after it was found that listening to Mozart’s music may increase specific types of intelligence, particularly spatial-temporal abilities (Raus cher et al. 1993). However, a recent meta-analysis conducted by Pietschnig et al. (2009) suggests that simply listening to classical music is unlikely to produce these gains, but various studies indicate that playing music does enhance certain brain-based skills. Rauscher et al. 1997) found that children who were given keyboarding lessons, taught musical notation and other music-related skills, and learned to play simple melodies by Mozart and Beethoven achieved scores that were approximately 30% higher on tests of spatial-temporal reasoning than children of the same age who did not receive musical training, and these effects did not diminish over time. Thus, it appears that greater gains can be achieved by not only listening to music but also learning about it and creating it. Experiments have also been conducted to determine whether rats and mice are subject to the Mozart effect. Rauscher et al. 1998) found that in-uteri and early childhood exposure to Mozart improved the ability of rats to solve mazes quickly later on, though Steele (2003) argues that the evidence is weak, given that some other researchers have not been able to replicate the results. David Merrill conducted an experiment in which one group of mice were subject to round-the-clock classical music and another to heavy metal music while a third acted as a control group in a no-music condition. The Mozart mice made good progress in reducing their maze-solving times, but the first experiment was cut short when the heavy metal mice attacked and killed one another.A second experiment with lower music volumes and mice separated to prevent violence yielded results in favor of Mozart: The classical music mice solved the mazes more rapidly than those in the other two groups, and the heavy metal mice became worse at maze-solving than when they had first been introduced to the mazes (Wertz, 7 February 1998). Mozart’s Music and Epilepsy Mozart’s music has a beneficial effect on those sufferi ng from epilepsy. A study of epileptics found that listening to Mozart’s music, even when unconscious, decreased epilepsy brain activity in the majority of subjects.A case study of one girl found that her seizures decreased significantly after listening to Mozart for just 10 minutes of each waking hour (Jenkins, 2001). Concentration and Classical Music Despite the above results, there have been several studies that indicate that although classical music is helpful for memorizing, it is not as helpful for mental concentration and or test-taking. A research study conducted by Robert Hjortsberg of Loyola University found that their test subjects performed mental tasks more effectively without any music as compared to classical music.A research study conducted by Mike Manthei at the University of Nebraska confirmed the above results and found that classical music had a negative impact on students taking math exams. How Classical Music Can Be Used On Classroom Background Finding o ut about which type of music is best to play in the classroom can help students enjoy your classes and improve their concentration. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of music on cognitive ability, and the potential benefits music can have on concentration, enjoyment, comprehension and spatial-temporal reasoning have attracted the attention of many researchers.According to research, any music is better than no music, and baroque, classical and rock music can have positive effects. Classical Music Improves Surgery Music soothes savage beasts of all ages. The power of Bach, Mozart, Beethoven and other classical composers lay in their ability to create a variety of moods. For centuries, listeners have relaxed with classical music, energized themselves, honed their concentration, or captured elusive sleep. With classical music, a romantic interlude still appears in the middle of a turbulent day or a solemn occasion turns inspiring.Read on to learn how to relax with classica l music. Additional Classical Music Experiments Capers (2009) details the use of classical music to reduce crime in various contexts, the most impressive of which was the London Underground experiment, whereby classical music was piped throughout London's crime-infested subway system. The result was a 37% decrease in vandalism, a 33% reduction in robbery and 25% fewer staff assaults. North et al. (2003) found, in keeping with prior research in other contexts, that people spend more money when listening to classical music.Those eating at a particular restaurant purchased more food and drinks when the restaurant played classical music than they did listening to pop music or in the no-music condition. RESEARCH QUESTIONS As you have seen in my topic my research is about influence of classical music on individual. For conducting my research I came up with some major questions. I will be focusing on these questions which will help me go through my research. My research will address the fo llowing research questions: * What do people feel about classical music? * What is the special thing about this music comparing to other genres? What do musicians say about classical music? * How popular is it? * In which areas classical music can be used? * In what state of mind classical music can be useful? * What image in the mind comes out while listening to classical music? HYPOTHESIS With these research questions I am expecting to have all my answers which will help me go through my research. I expect classical to be averagely popular among the other genres of music. Though this music feels soothing I expect it to be difficult to cover and only expert musicians are seen to cover.I expect people's feelings should be different because different people has different taste of music. I expect this music is for calm peoples and those who are middle aged. There is a group of young generation among whom classical music is very popular. There was a huge popularity of classical music i n the early 19th century among renowned musicians and I expect it remains the same today. METHODOLOGY For my primary research, I conducted a survey of a representative sampling of the general public in Dhaka City on their views and feelings about classical music.To that end I designed a questionnaire with different types of questions so as to get a range of useful data which will help me to answer my research questions. I took my survey on 51 people from whom 35 of them were male and 16 were female. My target ager groups were 18-24 and 25-36. But most of the representatives of my survey were in 18-24 group. For my secondary research I planned to see the resources of the library and also consulted few books and autobiographies of people who are attached to music. I also browsed the internet and use standard search engines like Google for further information. DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSISLet me go through and explain the data I found through my primary research. Do you listen to musi c? This is my first question in my questionnaire. The reason of this question was I wanted to ask a general question about music that how people likes music. It resulted that around 84% of the people listens to music. 12% of them somewhat listens. And only 4% of the people doesn't listen to music. So, we can say that almost all people listens to music. How would you grade classical music among other genres? Here, the peak was for â€Å"very good†. 46% people graded very good comparing to other genres. Slightly below was â€Å"fair â€Å". 2% of the people said classical music is fair. The other two was significantly low, 10% for poor, and 12% for excellent. What kind of feeling do you get while listening to it? This is another question about how people feel while listening to classical music. Lagging far behind others options comfort got 46%. Joy and neutral was somewhat near, 20% and 14%. Others choices were significantly low. When are you to listen to this kind of music? Another important question was in what situations and circumstances people tend to listen to classical music. 34% people chose anytime. A slightly below 30% said in a free time.There are people who would like to listen to it while working(14%) and when taking a rest(16%). Another was on a journey which took only 6%. How classical music is popular among people? Here I just wanted to know what people think of its popularity. Only 6% said it is very popular. 40% was the highest somewhat popular. A little less got the neutral part around 34%. 6% of the people said that it is very unpopular. How likely are you to listen to this music? Most people are somewhat likely to listen to this music as the graph above shows. Here around 41% are somewhat likely to listen to classical music.Very likely and neutral both got 17% of the vote. Others are insignificant. Classical music is for all generations. Lastly I asked a question where people would stop and think for a while at this question. 64% pe ople agree that classical music is for all generation. Way below only 20% people disagreed with it and even lower 16% people strongly agreed. No one marked for strongly disagree. SUMMARY AND RESEARCH FINDINGS After all the research I have done, what I found is some important notations on classical music. Classical music is an average popular genre of music. Its popularity is on decrease.Many of the modern genre has taken place of it. People mostly young ones are rarely to listen to such music. People who are middle aged are mostly the customers of classical music. One thing people agreed is that classical music is the root of all music. It has created a foundation by which other genres made its' appearance. It has influence on number of different cultures including ours. Thus no one can refuse it's importance. CONCLUSION Nothing comes without a reason. If classical music had no influence there were no practices, compositions, covers, performance, notation, theory of this genre.It ha s indeed did great to individual and society. Different people find different essence with it. Different people recommend this music in different situations. There had been famous musicians of classical music who have taken places in history. Researchers have been done and studies had been conducted to find suitable ways for this music. Though it is not that popular as it were in early classical era it is indeed practiced by many musicians still now and people still has great respect for it. REFERENCES Adams, St. (2012). Classical music improves surgery. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www. elegraph. co. uk/health/healthnews/9169589/Classical-music-improves-surgery. html Beentjes, J. W. J. , Koolstra, C. M. , ; van der Voort, T. H. A. (1996). 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